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  • more to add to AP's 250th book of science TEACHING TRUE CHEMISTRY// Bon

    From Archimedes Plutonium@21:1/5 to All on Fri Jul 28 10:14:13 2023
    There are 7 diatomic molecules

    H2 436 kJ/mol is 4.3 eV

    N2 945.3 kJ/mol is 9.4 eV

    O2 498.3 kJ/mol is 4.9 eV

    F2 156.9 kJ/mol is 1.5 eV

    Cl2 242.5 kJ/mol is 2.4 eV

    Br2 193.8 kJ/mol is 1.9 eV

    I2 152.5 kJ/mol is 1.5 eV


    Looking up there dissociation energy (source: labs dot chem dot ucsb dot edu)

    Further looking up H2O (which is really H4O)

    H----OH 498.7 kJ/mol is 4.9 eV
    H-----O 428 kJ/mol is 4.2 eV

    The last two do not seem to be correct-- that it takes more energy to split away one H from H2O than it takes to split away the second H from water.


    AP

    more to add to AP's 250th book of science TEACHING TRUE CHEMISTRY// Bond energy of H2 or H4

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  • From Archimedes Plutonium@21:1/5 to Archimedes Plutonium on Fri Jul 28 10:35:46 2023
    On Friday, July 28, 2023 at 12:11:09 PM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote in sci.math:
    There are 7 diatomic molecules

    H2 436 kJ/mol is 4.3 eV

    N2 945.3 kJ/mol is 9.4 eV

    O2 498.3 kJ/mol is 4.9 eV

    F2 156.9 kJ/mol is 1.5 eV

    Cl2 242.5 kJ/mol is 2.4 eV

    Br2 193.8 kJ/mol is 1.9 eV

    I2 152.5 kJ/mol is 1.5 eV


    Looking up there dissociation energy (source: labs dot chem dot ucsb dot edu)


    Now, what AP is thinking is that the above list of diatomic molecules is incorrect with H2, for that is H4 measured with 4.3 eV. So that you split H4 into 2 H2 with 4.3 eV. But to split H2 into H + H requires enormous energy, for H2 is an Atom not a
    molecule.

    AP is thinking that the easiest proof that water is H4O is via these tables of dissociation energy.

    The highest listed dissociation energy by ucsb is CO at 1075 kJ/mol = 10.7 eV

    AP contends that to dissociation energy of H2 which is an atom is far far above 10.7 eV. If the hydrogen in the Sun is H2 in that hostile environment and not be split, then what is the energy of dissociation? We are talking in MeV, not eV.


    Further looking up H2O (which is really H4O)

    H----OH 498.7 kJ/mol is 4.9 eV
    H-----O 428 kJ/mol is 4.2 eV

    The last two do not seem to be correct-- that it takes more energy to split away one H from H2O than it takes to split away the second H from water.


    I suspect the proof of water is H4O is already in once the table of dissociation energy is carefully analyzed.

    But, here is another experiment.

    EXPERIMENT

    We have pure gases of OH, of NO, of FO, of FN, of FH, of NH, etc

    We put then all together in a container and wait for a period of time.

    We return and analyze the contents. Have they all reverted by themselves to being O2, H2 (really H4), N2, F2. Without doing anything to the container, not shaking it, not heating it, doing nothing, but let the molecules collide, do they end up as being
    the pure diatomic molecules.

    I would bet they do end up being the pure diatomic molecules.

    AP

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  • From Archimedes Plutonium@21:1/5 to All on Fri Jul 28 14:40:10 2023
    The dissociation energy of H2 into H and H is on the order of MeV, not eV for H2 is a Atom, not a molecule. In H2, one of the H goes to forming a neutron like capacitor to the other H which is a Faraday law proton 840MeV with muon inside the proton torus.

    This is why H2 is so high in the ucsb reports 436 kJ/mol is 4.3 eV for that is H2 breaking away from H4. To have H break away from H, requires MeV energy.

    This report of 2006 helps.

    --- quoting NBC news website---
    A surprising solar flare sent a stream of pure hydrogen at Earth.

    "We've detected a stream of perfectly intact hydrogen atoms shooting out of an X-class solar flare," said researcher Richard Mewaldt of Caltech. "If we can understand how these atoms were produced, we'll be that much closer to understanding solar flares."

    Solar flares occur when the sun's twisted magnetic fields suddenly release their stored energy. The energy jolts are classified into three categories, with X-class solar flares being major events that can trigger radio blackouts around the world and long-
    lasting radiation storms in the upper atmosphere. (M-class are medium-sized flares and C-class are small flares with few consequences on Earth.)

    The event occurred on Dec. 5, 2006, when a large sunspot rounded the sun's eastern limb and with little warning it exploded. On the "Richter scale" of flares, which ranks X1 as a big event, the blast registered X9, making it one of the strongest flares
    ove
  • From Archimedes Plutonium@21:1/5 to Archimedes Plutonium on Sat Jul 29 00:37:09 2023
    On Friday, July 28, 2023 at 12:11:09 PM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote:
    There are 7 diatomic molecules

    H2 436 kJ/mol is 4.3 eV

    O2 498.3 kJ/mol is 4.9 eV


    So the hydrogen atom bond is abnormally high for a single proton and is almost approaching that of O2 dissociation energy.

    What can account for that abnormal high bond energy is the idea that the Hydrogen Atom is not H, for that is a proton with muon inside without a capacitor to storage the electricity produced by muon thrusting through 840MeV proton torus.

    H by itself is a subatomic particle.

    Thus H2 is the hydrogen atom wherein one of the H converts to being a neutron like capacitor while the other H does the Faraday law.

    That would make the diatomic molecule of Hydrogen be H4 and not H2.

    That explains the abnormal high dissociation energy almost matching oxygen.

    Now in the same experiment as Electrolysis of Water, the hydrogen is going to be in the form of H4, not H and not H2.

    Now it is curious that ucsb lab lists deuterium----deuterium splitting as 443.5 and H----H splitting as 436 kJ/mol, which tells me that a proton+muon converted to acting like a neutron has 7kJ/mol less bond energy than deuterium bonded to deuterium. Both
    the mass of the H4 and DD are 4 atomic mass units.

    Now this also can open some doors to the question and answer of why heavy water in comets is different from heavy water found on Earth, a mystery in astronomy.

    AP

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  • From Archimedes Plutonium@21:1/5 to Archimedes Plutonium on Sat Jul 29 12:36:06 2023
    On Saturday, July 29, 2023 at 2:36:37 AM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote:
    On Friday, July 28, 2023 at 12:11:09 PM UTC-5, Archimedes Plutonium wrote:
    There are 7 diatomic molecules

    H2 436 kJ/mol is 4.3 eV

    O2 498.3 kJ/mol is 4.9 eV

    So the hydrogen atom bond is abnormally high for a single proton and is almost approaching that of O2 dissociation energy.

    What can account for that abnormal high bond energy is the idea that the Hydrogen Atom is not H, for that is a proton with muon inside without a capacitor to storage the electricity produced by muon thrusting through 840MeV proton torus.

    H by itself is a subatomic particle.

    Thus H2 is the hydrogen atom wherein one of the H converts to being a neutron like capacitor while the other H does the Faraday law.

    That would make the diatomic molecule of Hydrogen be H4 and not H2.

    That explains the abnormal high dissociation energy almost matching oxygen.

    Now in the same experiment as Electrolysis of Water, the hydrogen is going to be in the form of H4, not H and not H2.

    Now it is curious that ucsb lab lists deuterium----deuterium splitting as 443.5 and H----H splitting as 436 kJ/mol, which tells me that a proton+muon converted to acting like a neutron has 7kJ/mol less bond energy than deuterium bonded to deuterium.
    Both the mass of the H4 and DD are 4 atomic mass units.


    Now I wonder if the 7kJ/mol difference between deuterium and H has a role in photosynthesis. The visible light EM spectrum is in indigo the 700 THz compared to the 580THz for green and 480THz for red.

    So I suspect Photosynthesis is characteristic of the hydrogen bond with its proton+muon acting as a neutron capacitor, but having this vast leeway of stimulus and response to the Visible Light electromagnetic spectrum. One could almost say that without
    the Hydrogen Atom being H2 where one of the H behaves as a neutron capacitor to the other H, that we would not have biology plants in the world.

    AP

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