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https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanwpc/article/PIIS2666-6065(24)00080-4/fulltext

Shorter link:
https://tinyurl.com/PostCOVIDbrain051724

Summary

Background
A variety of symptoms, particularly cognitive, psychiatric and
neurological symptoms, may persist for a long time among individuals
recovering from COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanism of these
brain abnormalities remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate
the long-term neuroimaging effects of COVID-19 infection on brain
functional activities using resting-state functional magnetic
resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Methods
Fifty-two survivors 27 months after infection (mild-moderate group: 25 participants, severe-critical: 27 participants), from our previous
community participants, along with 35 healthy controls, were recruited
to undergo fMRI scans and comprehensive cognitive function
measurements. Participants were evaluated by subjective assessment of
Cognitive Failures Questionnaire-14 (CFQ-14) and Fatigue Scale-14
(FS-14), and objective assessment of Montreal Cognitive Assessment
(MoCA), N-back, and Simple Reaction Time (SRT). Each had rs-fMRI at
3T. Measures such as the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation
(ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF),
and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated.

Findings
Compared with healthy controls, survivors of mild-moderate acute
symptoms group and severe-critical group had a significantly higher
score of cognitive complains involving cognitive failure and mental
fatigue. However, there was no difference of cognitive complaints
between two groups of COVID-19 survivors. The performance of three
groups was similar on the score of MoCA, N-back and SRT. The rs-fMRI
results showed that COVID-19 survivors exhibited significantly
increased ALFF values in the left putamen (PUT.L), right inferior
temporal gyrus (ITG.R) and right pallidum (PAL.R), while decreased
ALFF values were observed in the right superior parietal gyrus (SPG.R)
and left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L). Additionally, decreased ReHo
values in the right precentral gyrus (PreCG.R), left postcentral gyrus (PoCG.L), left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex (CAL.L) and
left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L). Furthermore, significant
negative correlations between the ReHo values in the STG.L, and CFQ-14
and mental fatigue were found.

Interpretation
This long-term study suggests that individuals recovering from
COVID-19 continue to experience cognitive complaints, psychiatric and neurological symptoms, and brain functional alteration. The rs-fMRI
results indicated that the changes in brain function in regions such
as the putamen, temporal lobe, and superior parietal gyrus may
contribute to cognitive complaints in individuals with long COVID even
after 2-year infection.

Funding
The National Programs for Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence
Technology of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China,
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality of China, and the
National Key Research and Development Program of China.

<end article>

Bottom line:

The COVID pandemic is not over. Instead of an emergency, it's a
ongoing endemic problem, and the only healthy way to eradicate the
COVID-19 virus is by using #WTEC as shown at
http://WonderfullyHungry.org

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