(Well, wiki says 1861.) And all thanks to Robert Fitzroy -- yes, the one
who took Charles Darwin along as a travelling companion on the Beagle,
and was Governor of New Zealand for a couple of years. By this time he
was a Rear Admiral and a member of the Royal Society. in 1854 he was
appointed "Meteorological Statist to the Board of Trade". He used the
telegraph to collect weather reports from all over the country, and
started producing what seem at first to have been just "reports" of what
the weather had been the previous day in various places. It's not clear
from either Crystal or Wiki exactly when the predictive element came in.
When it did, the term "weather-cast" was sometimes used, but eventually Fitzroy's preference, "forecast", became standard.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_FitzRoy
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