NewConcept module of the
English and Russian bilingual ghost.pl AI in Perl
Mens Latina in Latin -- MindForth for Robots

1. Diagram of the NewConcept Mind-Module

/^^^^^^^^^\ Unrecognized Words Are New Concepts /^^^^^^^^^\
/ EYE \ _____ / EAR \
/ \ CONCEPTS /New- \ / \
| _______ | | | | _____ (Concept)--|-------------\ |
| /old \ | | | | /Old- \ \_____/ | Audition | |
| / image \---|-----+ | (Concept)----|-------|----------\ | |
| \ recog / | a| | | \_____/-----|-------|-------\ | | |
| \_______/ | b|C| | |______| | c | | | |
| | s|O|f| /EnParser\ | a | | | |
| visual | t|N|i| \________/ | t | | | |
| memory | r|C|b| ________|______ | s-/ | | |
| channel | a|E|e| / \ | e | | |
| | c|P|r| ( Instantiate() ) | a | | |
| _______ | t|T|s| \_______________/ | t-----/ | |
| /new \ | |_|_| / _____ _____ | f | |
| / percept \ | / \/ / En \ / En \ | i | |
| \ engram /---|--\ Psy /-/ Nouns \--/ Verbs \ | s | |
| \_______/ | \___/ \_______/ \_______/ | h-------/ |

2. Purpose of the NewConcept Module

The purpose of the NewConcept module is to learn new words and new concepts by creating a new concept for any unrecognized new word.

3. Algorithm of the NewConcept Module

3.A. Operating when selected by the AudInput module.

The AudInput module uses an "else" clause to send a recognized word to the OldConcept module or else to the NewConcept module as an unrecognized word that must be learned as potentially a new concept -- unless the word is simply a misspelling, as if "
pronounced" in an unfamiliar way. Sometimes in English and quite often in Russian, the inflectional ending on a word must not prevent the word from being recognized by AudRecog as still the same word and the same concept, only with a slight variation in
the ending of the word.

3.B. Assigning the sequential value of the $nxt concept to any new concept being learned.

Although the MindBoot sequence of the AI Mind contains enough basic vocabulary and simple ideas to get the AI Mind up and running for interaction with human users or with other AI Minds, new words and new concepts must be learned in the course of robot
events. Any new word is assigned the value of the $nxt variable as a concept-number.

3.C. Making an initial assessment of the likely part-of-speech $pos of a new word being learned.

3.D. Making any new word available to the SpreadAct spreading activation module as an opportunity for the artificially curious AI Mind to ask the human user what the new word means.

3.E. Integrating consistently misspelled words with the AI knowledge base as a valid concept which the human user ignorantly spells wrong but otherwise uses correctly.

4. Code of NewConcept() from ghost302.pl AI source code in Perl

# 2015may28 Requirements of NewConcept mind-module:
# NewConcept shall create a concept in @psy for each new word encountered.
# A flag-panel shall lodge associative tags with each new @psy concept.
sub NewConcept() { # http://ai.neocities.org/NewConcept.html
$psi = $nxt; # 2016jan22: For xfer to InStantiate().
$qusub = $nxt; # 2017-09-22: for sending new concept into SpreadAct()
$pos = $bias; # 2017-06-30: InStantiate() stores value from Parser().
if ($hlc == 1) { # 2018-09-27: test for governing human-language-code
EnParser(); # 2017-09-13: In preparation to call InStantiate().
} # 2016jan22: end of test for English human-language-code
if ($hlc == 3) { # 2018-09-27: test for governing human-language-code
RuParser(); # 2017-09-13: In preparation to call InStantiate().
} # 2016feb24: end of test for Russian human-language-code.
if ($fyi > 2) { # 2016feb08: if mode is Diagnostic
} # 2016feb07: end of test for Diagnostic or Tutorial mode.
if ($pos == 5) { $nucon = 1; $qusub = $psi } # 2017-09-22: send $nxt into SpreadAct()
$audnew = 0; # 2016feb09: Reset for sake of $rv of next input word.
$audpsi = 0; # 2016feb03: reset to prevent carry-overs.
$finpsi = 0; # 2018-09-16: reset to prevent carry-overs.
$len = 0; # 2017-09-22: reset
} # 2016feb10: NewConcept() returns to AudInput() or FileInput().

5. Variables for the NewConcept AI Mind-Module

$audnew -- holds onset-tag while rest of word comes in.

$audpsi -- concept number of word in @ear auditory memory array.

$bias -- a variable holding the numeric value of the part of speech (POS) expected to be input next and parsed next on the basis of preceding parts of speech.

$finlen -- fin(al) len(gth) or end-of-word for AudRecog auditory recognition module.

$finpsi -- carry-over end-psi during 32-SPACE or 13-CR (carriage return).

$foom -- a proposed new variable for a proposed new Spawn() module. The foom variable shall be set arbitrarily by the AI Mind Maintainer as the number of new concepts to be learned by the spawning AGI Mind as a trigger-level for the spawning of a new
copy of the AI going "FOOM" in the sense of self-modifying and gaining knowledge and intelligence so rapidly as to constitute a "FOOM!" explosion of hard-take-off AI.

$fyi -- (for your information) 1 = Normal; 2 = Transcript; 3 = Tutorial mode; 4 = Diagnostic mode.

$hlc -- human-language code; 1=en; 2=de; 3=ru. Subject to override by the $engov or $degov or $rugov flag.

$len -- length, for avoiding input non-words. The len variable increments with each additional character during AudInput, and is reset to zero at the end of InStantiate or OldConcept or NewConcept, so that the auditory engram recall vector rv may be set
for the first character of a word when the word-length is a unitary one.

$nucon -- new-condition – segregates SpreadAct() code to respond to the input of an unknown word by asking the user a question about the new concept being learned by the AI Mind.

$nxt -- number incremented for each new concept.

$pos -- (part of speech) with a numeric value (1=adj 2=adv 3=conj 4=interj 5=noun 6=prep 7=pron 8=verb) to be inserted into the conceptual flag-panel of a concept during the process of instantiation of a concept-node at a particular time-point. The part-
of-speech parameter allows an AI Mind to restrict operations to one particular part of speech, such as verb, or to similar parts of speech, such as nouns and pronouns to be used as subjects or objects of a verb.

$psi -- variable for an element of the @psy conceptual array, with a numeric identifier serving as an mtx tag for the same concept in another language.

$qusub -- query subject – is a transfer-vehicle of the subject-identifier from any module prompting a question into the specific module that will ask the question.

6. Troubleshooting and Robotic Psychosurgery

6.1.a. Symptom: (Something goes wrong.)
6.1.b. Solution: (AI Mind Maintainer devises solution.)

7. Future Development of the NewConcept Mind Module

In a bilingual Mind like the ghost.pl artificial intelligence in the Perl programming language, there is work to be done on the coordinated assigning of $mtx transfer tags for machine translation between the two human languages of the bilingual AI. An AI
coder or mind maintainer has the challenge of devising ways in software to match any "new concept" in one human language with its closest conceptual counterpart in the other human language. One new word being learned in Russian may need to be matched
over time with several synonyms in English.

It may be possible to phase out or abolish the NewConcept module by re-assigning its functions to other mind-modules, such as OldConcept or InStantiate.

Roadmap to Artificial Intelligence

8. Resources

http://github.com/kernc/mindforth/blob/master/wiki/NewConcept.wiki

http://mind.sourceforge.net/newcept.html

https://scmax.ru/articles/434860 -- Mentifex о концепциях

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10. AiTree of Mind-Modules for Natural Language Understanding

MainLoop calling subordinate mind-modules
TabulaRasa -- wipe memory clean
MindBoot of English and Russian vocabulary
KbLoad -- load the Knowledge Base
ReJuvenate -- recycle memory space
Sensorium -- sensory input with associative tagging to concepts
AudInput -- auditory input
AudListen -- listen for input
AudMem -- English auditory memory
AudRecog -- auditory recognition
OldConcept -- recognize a known old concept
EnParser -- preposition? (in)direct object?
InStantiate -- create new instance of concept
RuParser -- expect first a noun, then a verb
InStantiate -- create new instance of concept
NewConcept -- create a new concept
EnParser -- preposition? (in)direct object?
InStantiate -- create new instance of concept
RuParser -- expect first a noun, then a verb
InStantiate -- create new instance of concept
FileInput -- read files on a server
GusRecog -- sense of taste
OlfRecog -- sense of smell
TacRecog -- sense of touch
VisRecog -- sense of vision
Volition -- free will resulting from feeling and thinking
Emotion as influence on thought and free will
EnThink -- think in English
KbRetro -- retroactively adjust knowledge base
Imperative -- mood for issuing commands
Indicative -- mood for declarative statements
InFerence -- automated reasoning
AskUser -- validate an inference
EnNounPhrase -- think with a noun
EnPrep -- use a preposition
EnArticle -- use "a" or "the"
EnAdjective -- insert an adjective
EnPronoun -- substitute a pronoun for a noun
ConJoin -- insert a conjunction
EnVerbPhrase -- think with a verb
EnAuxVerb -- use auxiliary verb
EnAdverb modifies a verb
EnAdverb modifies another adverb
EnVerbGen -- generates an English verb-form
AudBuffer -- stores English phonemes
OutBuffer -- right-justifies English verb-form
VisRecog -- visual recognition inserts a noun
Subjunctive -- mood for conditional phrases
ConJoin -- insert a conjunction if two thoughts are active
RuThink -- think in Russian
RuImperative -- needs to be coded
RuIndicative -- needs to be expanded
InFerence -- automated reasoning
AskUser -- validate an inference
RuNounPhrase -- think with a Russian noun
RuAdjective -- insert a Russian adjective
RuAdjGen -- to generate a Russian adjective-form
RuAdverb -- insert a Russian adverb
RuPrep -- insert a Russian preposition
RuPronoun -- substitute a Russian pronoun for a noun
ConJoin -- insert a conjunction
RuVerbPhrase -- think with a Russian verb
RuVerbGen -- generate a Russian verb-form
AudBuffer -- stores Russian phonemes
OutBuffer -- right-justifies Russian verb-form
RuAdverb -- insert a Russian adverb
VisRecog -- visual recognition inserts a noun
RuNounPhrase -- direct-object noun
RuNounGen -- to generate a Russian noun-form
ConJoin -- insert a conjunction
Speech -- output to screen or loudspeaker
PsiDecay lowers conceptual activation
SpreadAct -- spreading activation from concept to concept
Spawn -- AI Go FOOM
MetEmPsychosis -- AI soul travel from webserver to webserver
MindMeld -- merge two AI Minds by sharing memories
Motorium (MotorOutPut) -- for AI-Minded robots
Consciousness -- emergent property, not a module

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