• Fujianvenator, Jurassic Avialan

    From Sight Reader@21:1/5 to All on Sun Nov 5 08:08:56 2023
    Hey, did do you guys already talk about Fujianvenator? I might have missed the discussion…

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7

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  • From erik simpson@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Sun Nov 5 08:30:32 2023
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 8:08:57 AM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:
    Hey, did do you guys already talk about Fujianvenator? I might have missed the discussion…

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7
    Looks interesting, but it's paywalled. I'll see if I can find a way to get it.

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  • From Sight Reader@21:1/5 to erik simpson on Sun Nov 5 11:52:15 2023
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 9:30:33 AM UTC-7, erik simpson wrote:
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 8:08:57 AM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:
    Hey, did do you guys already talk about Fujianvenator? I might have missed the discussion…

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7
    Looks interesting, but it's paywalled. I'll see if I can find a way to get it.
    Oh dang. There are news reports and some preliminary in Wikipedia… https://www.reuters.com/science/bizarre-long-legged-bird-like-dinosaur-has-scientists-enthralled-2023-09-06/

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  • From erik simpson@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Sun Nov 5 13:21:49 2023
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 11:52:17 AM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 9:30:33 AM UTC-7, erik simpson wrote:
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 8:08:57 AM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:
    Hey, did do you guys already talk about Fujianvenator? I might have missed the discussion…

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7
    Looks interesting, but it's paywalled. I'll see if I can find a way to get it.
    Oh dang. There are news reports and some preliminary in Wikipedia… https://www.reuters.com/science/bizarre-long-legged-bird-like-dinosaur-has-scientists-enthralled-2023-09-06/
    As Wang Min points out, whether this is a "bird" or not is a subjective call. It may not have been flight-capable,
    but is clearly in the clade that lead to birds as we know them.

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  • From erik simpson@21:1/5 to Peter Nyikos on Thu Nov 16 14:02:27 2023
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 1:54:33 PM UTC-8, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 11:30:33 AM UTC-5, erik simpson wrote:
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 8:08:57 AM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:

    Hey, did do you guys already talk about Fujianvenator? I might have missed the discussion…

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7
    Looks interesting, but it's paywalled. I'll see if I can find a way to get it.
    Did you succeed? Thanks to my university"s subscription, I saw it right away.

    Occasionally, figures are not paywalled. See whether you can see this:

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7/figures/1

    It includes a fairly detailed phylogenetic tree.

    If you can't see it, the following may convey enough information about the key features.

    Discussion
    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within the
    Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids. This result is robust to maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses using tip-dating methods (Extended Data Figs. 5 and 6). Given that it is at present the southernmost record of Jurassic
    avialans, and is 10 million years younger than the Yanliao taxa (Fig. 1b), Fujianvenator contributes a great deal of spatio-temporal information about early avialan diversification close to the end of the Jurassic. Fujianvenator is largely comparable
    with Archaeopteryx in having similar manual phalangeal proportions. On the other hand, its pelvis shows features that are used to diagnose Anchiornis and troodontids (Extended Data Fig. 3): the short ischium is Anchiornis-like, bearing a distally located
    obturator process that is constricted at its base7,20, whereas the pubes resemble these of troodontids in having a mediolaterally broad, proximodistally elongated imperforated apron39. Notably, the hindlimb of Fujianvenator exhibits mixed morphologies in
    its finer aspects, including non-arctometatarsal feet like those in Archaeopteryx and Anchiornis9,14; a metatarsal II that is mediolaterally broader than metatarsals III and IV, as in Archaeopteryx31; a non-ginglymoid metatarsal II, as in troodontids47,
    48; a metatarsal II trochlea that is wider than that of other metatarsals, as in Anchiornis and some dromaeosaurids14,49; and a ginglymoid metatarsal III, as in dromaeosaurids and some troodontids33 (Fig. 2g and Extended Data Figs. 2d and 3). The unique
    combination of postcranial features shared with early paravians that is preserved in Fujianvenator shows how deeply the avialan phylogeny has been affected by evolutionary mosaicism. That, in turn, partly explains the controversy about the
    interrelationships among these early-diverging paravians1,2,7,52.

    The last two sentences remind me of the time, over two decades ago, when I did a detailed
    study of five factors in the blood clotting cascade. All of them are judged to be
    closely related to each other. However, instead of a clear
    phylogenetic tree of them, I saw a great deal of mosaicism in which
    one factor matched another factor for several amino acids, only to switch its "allegiance" to another factor.

    When I emailed one of the authors about this, he replied that my kind of analysis was more detailed and painstaking than the usual kind, and he wished that other researchers would exhibit similar patience for details.


    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics -- standard disclaimer--
    University of South Carolina
    https://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos
    Yes, I've seen it. My son is a paleobotanist, and has access to Nature.

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  • From Peter Nyikos@21:1/5 to erik simpson on Thu Nov 16 13:54:32 2023
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 11:30:33 AM UTC-5, erik simpson wrote:
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 8:08:57 AM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:

    Hey, did do you guys already talk about Fujianvenator? I might have missed the discussion…

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7
    Looks interesting, but it's paywalled. I'll see if I can find a way to get it.

    Did you succeed? Thanks to my university"s subscription, I saw it right away.

    Occasionally, figures are not paywalled. See whether you can see this:

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7/figures/1

    It includes a fairly detailed phylogenetic tree.

    If you can't see it, the following may convey enough information about the key features.

    Discussion
    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within the
    Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids. This result is robust to maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses using tip-dating methods (Extended Data Figs. 5 and 6). Given that it is at present the southernmost record of Jurassic
    avialans, and is 10 million years younger than the Yanliao taxa (Fig. 1b), Fujianvenator contributes a great deal of spatio-temporal information about early avialan diversification close to the end of the Jurassic. Fujianvenator is largely comparable
    with Archaeopteryx in having similar manual phalangeal proportions. On the other hand, its pelvis shows features that are used to diagnose Anchiornis and troodontids (Extended Data Fig. 3): the short ischium is Anchiornis-like, bearing a distally located
    obturator process that is constricted at its base7,20, whereas the pubes resemble these of troodontids in having a mediolaterally broad, proximodistally elongated imperforated apron39. Notably, the hindlimb of Fujianvenator exhibits mixed morphologies in
    its finer aspects, including non-arctometatarsal feet like those in Archaeopteryx and Anchiornis9,14; a metatarsal II that is mediolaterally broader than metatarsals III and IV, as in Archaeopteryx31; a non-ginglymoid metatarsal II, as in troodontids47,
    48; a metatarsal II trochlea that is wider than that of other metatarsals, as in Anchiornis and some dromaeosaurids14,49; and a ginglymoid metatarsal III, as in dromaeosaurids and some troodontids33 (Fig. 2g and Extended Data Figs. 2d and 3). The unique
    combination of postcranial features shared with early paravians that is preserved in Fujianvenator shows how deeply the avialan phylogeny has been affected by evolutionary mosaicism. That, in turn, partly explains the controversy about the
    interrelationships among these early-diverging paravians1,2,7,52.

    The last two sentences remind me of the time, over two decades ago, when I did a detailed
    study of five factors in the blood clotting cascade. All of them are judged to be
    closely related to each other. However, instead of a clear
    phylogenetic tree of them, I saw a great deal of mosaicism in which
    one factor matched another factor for several amino acids, only to switch
    its "allegiance" to another factor.

    When I emailed one of the authors about this, he replied that my kind of analysis was more detailed and painstaking than the usual kind, and he
    wished that other researchers would exhibit similar patience for details.


    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics -- standard disclaimer--
    University of South Carolina
    https://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos

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  • From Peter Nyikos@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Thu Nov 16 14:28:54 2023
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 2:52:17 PM UTC-5, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 9:30:33 AM UTC-7, erik simpson wrote:
    On Sunday, November 5, 2023 at 8:08:57 AM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:
    Hey, did do you guys already talk about Fujianvenator? I might have missed the discussion…

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06513-7

    Looks interesting, but it's paywalled. I'll see if I can find a way to get it.

    Oh dang. There are news reports and some preliminary in Wikipedia… https://www.reuters.com/science/bizarre-long-legged-bird-like-dinosaur-has-scientists-enthralled-2023-09-06/

    As with most popularizations, one can expect false generalizations. Here is one that immediately
    aroused my suspicions:

    "Fujianvenator's lower leg bone - the tibia - was twice as long as its thigh bone - the femur. Such dimensions are unique among theropods, a group that includes all the meat-eating dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus and various others."

    A quick look at Carroll's _Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution_ confirmed my suspicions.
    On page 304, 14-26, the tibia is twice as long as the femur in *Fabrosaurus*, "one of
    the most primitive ornithischians." Two pages later, the same is seen to be true
    of another primitive ornithischian *Heterodontosaurus*. Both are from the Lower Jurassic.

    Lots of later ornithischians had the same dimensions, including the well-known *Stegosaurus* [p. 313] and the early "ceratopsian" *Psittacosaurus* [p. 310], which had
    neither horns nor frill, but it did have the characteristic ceratopsian beak.


    A completely different comment from the linked Reuters report flies in the face of
    the excuse Harshman gave for feathers being omitted from most phylogenetic analyses
    that centered on bird evolution: too few have them to make it worthwhile to include them.
    But here we see a contrary statement from the Reuters report:

    ""The fossil itself does not preserve feathers. However, its closest relatives and nearly all the known avialan theropods have feathers, and feathers are widely distributed among dinosaurs."


    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics -- standard disclaimer--
    Univ. of South Carolina at Columbia
    http://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos

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  • From John Harshman@21:1/5 to All on Fri Nov 17 06:21:25 2023
    On 11/16/23 2:28 PM, Peter Nyikos wrote:

    Let me allow you to reply to yourself. With a bit of snipping, it works
    out well.

    As with most popularizations, one can expect false generalizations. Here is one that immediately
    aroused my suspicions:

    ""The fossil itself does not preserve feathers. However, its closest relatives and nearly all the known avialan theropods have feathers,
    and feathers are widely distributed among dinosaurs."

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  • From Sight Reader@21:1/5 to Peter Nyikos on Fri Nov 17 06:45:02 2023
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within the
    Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids.
    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are sister
    to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?

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  • From erik simpson@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Fri Nov 17 08:54:48 2023
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 6:45:04 AM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within the
    Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids.
    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are
    sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?
    Partly right. Anchiornithids are within Avialae, as is Archeopterix . Avialae has lots of branches, including crown birds.
    All the others are extinct.

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  • From John Harshman@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Fri Nov 17 09:51:03 2023
    On 11/17/23 6:45 AM, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator
    within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other
    Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging
    group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within
    the Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the
    anchiornithids.
    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they
    saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains
    Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both
    different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?
    Phylogenetic trees never ascribe ancestry to any taxa. Nothing leads
    directly to anything else. And this is because there can be no evidence
    for direct ancestry, only that one species is more closely related to
    one other species than to some third species. What this tree shows is
    that Archaeopteryx is more closely related to birds than to
    anchiornithids. How would you distinguish an ancestor from a cousin?

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  • From erik simpson@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Fri Nov 17 13:52:55 2023
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 1:19:19 PM UTC-8, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 10:51:16 AM UTC-7, John Harshman wrote:
    On 11/17/23 6:45 AM, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator
    within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other
    Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging
    group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within
    the Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the
    anchiornithids.
    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?
    Phylogenetic trees never ascribe ancestry to any taxa. Nothing leads directly to anything else. And this is because there can be no evidence for direct ancestry, only that one species is more closely related to
    one other species than to some third species. What this tree shows is
    that Archaeopteryx is more closely related to birds than to anchiornithids. How would you distinguish an ancestor from a cousin?
    Ok, that’s what I thought: all 3 (birds, anchios, archeo) are on different branches within the Avialae tree, all 3 appear to be sisters of each other, and none of them appear to be ancestors of each other. Sorry, this kid was talking to me as I was
    hurriedly trying to submit that post and I don’t think I got it to say what I meant it to say…
    Bear in mind John's reminder; unless you're talking about VERY recent relations, ancestry is impossible
    to establish, particularly over millions (or tens of millions) of years.

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  • From Sight Reader@21:1/5 to John Harshman on Fri Nov 17 13:19:17 2023
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 10:51:16 AM UTC-7, John Harshman wrote:
    On 11/17/23 6:45 AM, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator
    within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other
    Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging
    group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within
    the Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the
    anchiornithids.
    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains
    Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?
    Phylogenetic trees never ascribe ancestry to any taxa. Nothing leads directly to anything else. And this is because there can be no evidence
    for direct ancestry, only that one species is more closely related to
    one other species than to some third species. What this tree shows is
    that Archaeopteryx is more closely related to birds than to
    anchiornithids. How would you distinguish an ancestor from a cousin?

    Ok, that’s what I thought: all 3 (birds, anchios, archeo) are on different branches within the Avialae tree, all 3 appear to be sisters of each other, and none of them appear to be ancestors of each other. Sorry, this kid was talking to me as I was
    hurriedly trying to submit that post and I don’t think I got it to say what I meant it to say…

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From John Harshman@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Fri Nov 17 16:31:02 2023
    On 11/17/23 1:19 PM, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 10:51:16 AM UTC-7, John Harshman wrote:
    On 11/17/23 6:45 AM, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote: >>>> Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator
    within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other
    Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging
    group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within
    the Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the
    anchiornithids.
    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they
    saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains
    Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both
    different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are sister to birds - but >>> neither of lead directly TO birds?
    Phylogenetic trees never ascribe ancestry to any taxa. Nothing leads
    directly to anything else. And this is because there can be no evidence
    for direct ancestry, only that one species is more closely related to
    one other species than to some third species. What this tree shows is
    that Archaeopteryx is more closely related to birds than to
    anchiornithids. How would you distinguish an ancestor from a cousin?

    Ok, that’s what I thought: all 3 (birds, anchios, archeo) are on different branches within the Avialae tree, all 3 appear to be sisters of each other, and none of them appear to be ancestors of each other. Sorry, this kid was talking to me as I was
    hurriedly trying to submit that post and I don’t think I got it to say what I meant it to say…


    Actually, ancoirnithids are sister to Archaeopteryx + the remaining
    avialans, and Archaeopteryx is sister to the remaining avialans. In phylogenetics, a given group can have only one sister.

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  • From Popping Mad@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Mon Nov 20 20:14:12 2023
    On 11/17/23 16:19, Sight Reader wrote:
    all 3 appear to be sisters

    brothers.

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  • From John Harshman@21:1/5 to Popping Mad on Mon Nov 20 17:16:45 2023
    On 11/20/23 5:14 PM, Popping Mad wrote:
    On 11/17/23 16:19, Sight Reader wrote:
    all 3 appear to be sisters

    brothers.

    Siblings?

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  • From Sight Reader@21:1/5 to Popping Mad on Mon Nov 20 17:24:04 2023
    On Monday, November 20, 2023 at 5:14:02 PM UTC-8, Popping Mad wrote:
    On 11/17/23 16:19, Sight Reader wrote:
    all 3 appear to be sisters
    brothers.

    Oh! I didn’t know there was a difference… Do you think they’re mad at me?

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  • From Sight Reader@21:1/5 to Popping Mad on Mon Nov 20 18:01:52 2023
    On Monday, November 20, 2023 at 5:49:25 PM UTC-8, Popping Mad wrote:
    On 11/20/23 20:24, Sight Reader wrote:
    Do you think they’re mad at me?
    Did you ever see Hitckocks "The Birds"

    Oh crap. Now I’m not going to be able to sleep.

    Speaking of crap, all this reminds of some ancient wisdom: “some days you’re the pigeon, some days you’re the statue…”

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  • From Popping Mad@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Mon Nov 20 20:49:35 2023
    On 11/20/23 20:24, Sight Reader wrote:
    Do you think they’re mad at me?


    Did you ever see Hitckocks "The Birds"

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  • From Peter Nyikos@21:1/5 to Sight Reader on Tue Nov 21 06:55:41 2023
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 9:45:04 AM UTC-5, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:

    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within the
    Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids.

    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are
    sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?

    Correct. Paleontologists have abandoned Archie as a bird ancestor. But I have no idea
    how much of this is due to careful anatomical study and how much due to an ideology
    that dominates taxonomy, which claims that there is "no evidence" that any fossil species is ancestral
    to any other species, fossil or extant.

    "no evidence" = no incontrovertible proof

    Meanwhile, loose "sister group" talk is everywhere, as can be seen from the on-again, off-again hypothesis that the correct grouping is
    {Theropods, Ornithischians} Sauropods
    rather than the > century old tradition that the following is correct:

    {Theropods, Sauropods} Ornithischians.


    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics -- standard disclaimer--
    Univ. of South Carolina in Columbia
    https://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos

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  • From John Harshman@21:1/5 to Peter Nyikos on Tue Nov 21 08:15:36 2023
    On 11/21/23 6:55 AM, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 9:45:04 AM UTC-5, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:

    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within the
    Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids.

    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are
    sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?

    Correct. Paleontologists have abandoned Archie as a bird ancestor. But I have no idea
    how much of this is due to careful anatomical study and how much due to an ideology
    that dominates taxonomy, which claims that there is "no evidence" that any fossil species is ancestral
    to any other species, fossil or extant.

    A little of both, really.

    "no evidence" = no incontrovertible proof

    What would count as evidence? If I recall, you mostly won't say. I would suggest that the best evidence would be character optimization on a tree showing a zero-length branch between a species and the ancestral node.
    But would even that be ver good evidence?

    Meanwhile, loose "sister group" talk is everywhere, as can be seen from the on-again, off-again hypothesis that the correct grouping is
    {Theropods, Ornithischians} Sauropods
    rather than the > century old tradition that the following is correct:

    {Theropods, Sauropods} Ornithischians.

    I'm not quite sure if you think that's a bad thing. But if that's the
    case, why? Shouldn't we always be prepared to question traditional
    wisdom in the light of new evidence? Isn't uncertainty preferable to
    false confidence?

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Peter Nyikos@21:1/5 to John Harshman on Wed Nov 22 13:45:12 2023
    On Tuesday, November 21, 2023 at 11:15:47 AM UTC-5, John Harshman wrote:
    On 11/21/23 6:55 AM, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 9:45:04 AM UTC-5, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:

    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within
    the Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids.

    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are
    sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?

    Correct. Paleontologists have abandoned Archie as a bird ancestor. But I have no idea
    how much of this is due to careful anatomical study and how much due to an ideology
    that dominates taxonomy, which claims that there is "no evidence" that any fossil species is ancestral
    to any other species, fossil or extant.


    A little of both, really.

    What would be an apomorphy that disqualifies it from direct ancestry? [See below for
    why I am wording it this way.]

    "no evidence" = no incontrovertible proof

    What would count as evidence? If I recall, you mostly won't say.

    Your memory seems to be worsening lately. I've told you umpteen times
    about what I call a "prime candidate for ancestry of __________________":
    a reasonably complete skeleton [a fraction of missing ribs and vertebrae don't count]
    with no apomorphies that could reasonably disqualify it from direct ancestry of __________________.

    With basal avialans, I would also include "some pennaceous feathers" if the putative
    descendant had them.


    I would suggest that the best evidence

    Didn't you mean to say "the only thing *I* might consider to be evidence" instead
    of the last two words? See "equality" above.


    would be character optimization on a tree
    showing a zero-length branch between a species and the ancestral node.

    That would depend on how complete the skeleton was, and
    whether almost ALL representative bones [and, in the case above, feathers]
    were included in the analysis.


    But would even that be ver good evidence?

    Mine is so demanding, it can only apply in a few places on the tree of vertebrata. About the only place where it occurs in abundance is in Equidae.

    Contrast that with the ubiquitous use of "sister group," where almost everything is the alleged sister group of something else. This is why I
    am annoyed at your doctrinaire claim that "prime ancestor candidate"
    is not "objective" enough to be acceptable to a leading peer-reviewed journal.


    Meanwhile, loose "sister group" talk is everywhere, as can be seen from the
    on-again, off-again hypothesis that the correct grouping is
    {Theropods, Ornithischians} Sauropods
    rather than the > century old tradition that the following is correct:

    {Theropods, Sauropods} Ornithischians.

    I'm not quite sure if you think that's a bad thing.

    It seriously undermines your notion that "sister group" claims are "objective." At the very least, such claims should be coupled with "based on the phylogenetic analysis in __________________." That way, people can judge
    for themselves how near to being "objective" these claims are.


    But if that's the
    case, why? Shouldn't we always be prepared to question traditional
    wisdom in the light of new evidence?

    "Prime ancestor candidate" does that very well, while giving us
    a window into what the actual LCA might have been like.


    Isn't uncertainty preferable to
    false confidence?

    Certainly, but look at the false confidence you displayed where my then-future reply to this very post of yours was the issue in talk.origins:

    ________________________ begin excerpt, my words alternating with your ripostes_______________________

    Full disclosure: Harshman, as might be expected, tried to undermine
    the above at every turn in a reply to that post.

    Yes, it might be expected that I would explain how you are wrong about
    so much of what you say. Though you never listen, it's possible that
    someone else may.

    However, you might be disappointed by the caliber of that reply.
    In any event, he will get a rebuttal tomorrow.

    I doubt it. There might be a response, but I don't expect anything
    substantive.

    ++++++++++++++++++++ end of excerpt
    from
    https://groups.google.com/g/talk.origins/c/yl0TJZ0nueg/m/LR0mNH1OAAAJ
    November 22, 2023, 1:01 AM
    Re: DNA PROOFREADING AND ?REPAIR MECHANISMS ~ REVISITED
    [original subject line: Origin of Life Challenge]

    Your cocksure attitude in the excerpt is well suited to talk.origins, where you have
    quite a lot of people who look up to you as a "biology guru."
    However, it imparts a tinge of hypocrisy to your question,

    "Isn't uncertainty preferable to false confidence?"


    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics
    Univ. of South Carolina -- standard disclaimer-- https://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From erik simpson@21:1/5 to Peter Nyikos on Wed Nov 22 14:19:16 2023
    On Wednesday, November 22, 2023 at 1:45:14 PM UTC-8, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Tuesday, November 21, 2023 at 11:15:47 AM UTC-5, John Harshman wrote:
    On 11/21/23 6:55 AM, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 9:45:04 AM UTC-5, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:

    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within
    the Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids.

    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are
    sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?

    Correct. Paleontologists have abandoned Archie as a bird ancestor. But I have no idea
    how much of this is due to careful anatomical study and how much due to an ideology
    that dominates taxonomy, which claims that there is "no evidence" that any fossil species is ancestral
    to any other species, fossil or extant.


    A little of both, really.
    What would be an apomorphy that disqualifies it from direct ancestry? [See below for
    why I am wording it this way.]
    "no evidence" = no incontrovertible proof

    What would count as evidence? If I recall, you mostly won't say.
    Your memory seems to be worsening lately. I've told you umpteen times
    about what I call a "prime candidate for ancestry of __________________":
    a reasonably complete skeleton [a fraction of missing ribs and vertebrae don't count]
    with no apomorphies that could reasonably disqualify it from direct ancestry of __________________.

    With basal avialans, I would also include "some pennaceous feathers" if the putative
    descendant had them.
    I would suggest that the best evidence
    Didn't you mean to say "the only thing *I* might consider to be evidence" instead
    of the last two words? See "equality" above.
    would be character optimization on a tree
    showing a zero-length branch between a species and the ancestral node.
    That would depend on how complete the skeleton was, and
    whether almost ALL representative bones [and, in the case above, feathers] were included in the analysis.
    But would even that be ver good evidence?
    Mine is so demanding, it can only apply in a few places on the tree of vertebrata. About the only place where it occurs in abundance is in Equidae.

    Contrast that with the ubiquitous use of "sister group," where almost everything is the alleged sister group of something else. This is why I
    am annoyed at your doctrinaire claim that "prime ancestor candidate"
    is not "objective" enough to be acceptable to a leading peer-reviewed journal.
    Meanwhile, loose "sister group" talk is everywhere, as can be seen from the
    on-again, off-again hypothesis that the correct grouping is
    {Theropods, Ornithischians} Sauropods
    rather than the > century old tradition that the following is correct:

    {Theropods, Sauropods} Ornithischians.

    I'm not quite sure if you think that's a bad thing.
    It seriously undermines your notion that "sister group" claims are "objective."
    At the very least, such claims should be coupled with "based on the phylogenetic analysis in __________________." That way, people can judge
    for themselves how near to being "objective" these claims are.
    But if that's the
    case, why? Shouldn't we always be prepared to question traditional
    wisdom in the light of new evidence?
    "Prime ancestor candidate" does that very well, while giving us
    a window into what the actual LCA might have been like.
    Isn't uncertainty preferable to
    false confidence?
    Certainly, but look at the false confidence you displayed where my then-future
    reply to this very post of yours was the issue in talk.origins:

    ________________________ begin excerpt, my words alternating with your ripostes_______________________

    Full disclosure: Harshman, as might be expected, tried to undermine
    the above at every turn in a reply to that post.

    Yes, it might be expected that I would explain how you are wrong about
    so much of what you say. Though you never listen, it's possible that
    someone else may.

    However, you might be disappointed by the caliber of that reply.
    In any event, he will get a rebuttal tomorrow.

    I doubt it. There might be a response, but I don't expect anything substantive.

    ++++++++++++++++++++ end of excerpt
    from
    https://groups.google.com/g/talk.origins/c/yl0TJZ0nueg/m/LR0mNH1OAAAJ November 22, 2023, 1:01 AM
    Re: DNA PROOFREADING AND ?REPAIR MECHANISMS ~ REVISITED
    [original subject line: Origin of Life Challenge]

    Your cocksure attitude in the excerpt is well suited to talk.origins, where you have
    quite a lot of people who look up to you as a "biology guru."
    However, it imparts a tinge of hypocrisy to your question,
    "Isn't uncertainty preferable to false confidence?"
    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics
    Univ. of South Carolina -- standard disclaimer-- https://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos
    We've been over all this before. Who is the intended audience for your proposed ancestor candidates? It's certainly not paleotologists or evolutionary biologists.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From John Harshman@21:1/5 to Peter Nyikos on Wed Nov 22 14:25:51 2023
    On 11/22/23 1:45 PM, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Tuesday, November 21, 2023 at 11:15:47 AM UTC-5, John Harshman wrote:
    On 11/21/23 6:55 AM, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 9:45:04 AM UTC-5, Sight Reader wrote: >>>> On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos
    wrote:

    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator
    within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like
    taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae
    (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within the Avialae as the sister
    to other avialans except the anchiornithids.

    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are
    they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains
    Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both
    different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?

    Correct. Paleontologists have abandoned Archie as a bird ancestor.
    But I have no idea
    how much of this is due to careful anatomical study and how much
    due to an ideology
    that dominates taxonomy, which claims that there is "no evidence"
    that any fossil species is ancestral
    to any other species, fossil or extant.


    A little of both, really.

    What would be an apomorphy that disqualifies it from direct
    ancestry?> [See below for why I am wording it this way.]
    Obviously, no apomorphy could completely disqualify it, since reversals
    are known to happen. Then again, all science is provisional. Apomorphies
    just make ancestry less likely.

    "no evidence" = no incontrovertible proof

    What would count as evidence? If I recall, you mostly won't say.

    Your memory seems to be worsening lately. I've told you umpteen
    times about what I call a "prime candidate for ancestry of __________________": a reasonably complete skeleton [a fraction of
    missing ribs and vertebrae don't count] with no apomorphies that
    could reasonably disqualify it from direct ancestry of
    __________________.

    But wouldn't the same likely apply to a fairly close relative of the
    ancestral species?

    With basal avialans, I would also include "some pennaceous feathers"
    if the putative descendant had them.
    Why that one in particular?

    I would suggest that the best evidence

    Didn't you mean to say "the only thing *I* might consider to be
    evidence" instead of the last two words? See "equality" above.
    There is no such word above, so I'm not clear on what you mean. What
    other evidence would you prefer?

    would be character optimization on a tree
    showing a zero-length branch between a species and the ancestral node.

    That would depend on how complete the skeleton was, and whether
    almost ALL representative bones [and, in the case above, feathers]
    were included in the analysis.
    If I understand you, you're saying that a zero-length branch would be
    more significant if the taxon in question had more characters scored.
    That's not unreasonable.

    But would even that be ver good evidence?

    Mine is so demanding, it can only apply in a few places on the tree of vertebrata. About the only place where it occurs in abundance is in
    Equidae.

    So you're saying that your criterion is nearly useless?

    Contrast that with the ubiquitous use of "sister group," where
    almost everything is the alleged sister group of something else. This
    is why > I am annoyed at your doctrinaire claim that "prime ancestor candidate" is not "objective" enough to be acceptable to a leading peer-reviewed journal.
    I don't understand what you're trying to say there. And I don't have
    enough information to speculate. Sister groups are bad for some reason,
    while ancestor candidates are good for some reason, even though based on
    the previous statement they can almost never be determined.

    Meanwhile, loose "sister group" talk is everywhere, as can be seen
    from the
    on-again, off-again hypothesis that the correct grouping is
    {Theropods, Ornithischians} Sauropods
    rather than the > century old tradition that the following is correct:

    {Theropods, Sauropods} Ornithischians.

    I'm not quite sure if you think that's a bad thing.

    It seriously undermines your notion that "sister group" claims are "objective." At the very least, such claims should be coupled with
    "based on the phylogenetic analysis in __________________." That way,
    people can judge for themselves how near to being "objective" these
    claims are.
    You're saying that any doubt about any node on the tree renders all
    other nodes equally uncertain? I don't think you actually know what
    you're saying, except that it's spinach and to hell with it.

    But if that's the
    case, why? Shouldn't we always be prepared to question traditional
    wisdom in the light of new evidence?

    "Prime ancestor candidate" does that very well, while giving us
    a window into what the actual LCA might have been like.

    Not sure how that does anything. "Prime anceestor candidate" is a much
    more bold claim than "sister group", one for which you are unlikely even
    under your expressed criteria to have evidence. Nor is it necessary to
    do in order to have an idea of what the LCA would look like; character optimization at the ancestral node is what you need for that, and it's a
    better estimate than what you want would be.

    Isn't uncertainty preferable to
    false confidence?

    Certainly, but look at the false confidence you displayed where my then-future reply to this very post of yours was the issue in
    talk.origins:

    That's what we call sea-lioning. Turns out I was right, though.

    ________________________ begin excerpt, my words alternating with
    your ripostes_______________________

    Full disclosure: Harshman, as might be expected, tried to
    undermine the above at every turn in a reply to that post.

    Yes, it might be expected that I would explain how you are wrong
    about so much of what you say. Though you never listen, it's possible
    that someone else may.

    However, you might be disappointed by the caliber of that reply. In
    any event, he will get a rebuttal tomorrow.

    I doubt it. There might be a response, but I don't expect anything substantive.

    ++++++++++++++++++++ end of excerpt from https://groups.google.com/g/talk.origins/c/yl0TJZ0nueg/m/LR0mNH1OAAAJ November 22, 2023, 1:01 AM
    Re: DNA PROOFREADING AND ?REPAIR MECHANISMS ~ REVISITED [original
    subject line: Origin of Life Challenge]

    Your cocksure attitude in the excerpt is well suited to
    talk.origins, where you have quite a lot of people who look up to you
    as a "biology guru." However, it imparts a tinge of hypocrisy to your question, >
    "Isn't uncertainty preferable to false confidence?"

    You would have to first establish that the confidence was false.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Peter Nyikos@21:1/5 to erik simpson on Wed Nov 22 18:14:21 2023
    On Wednesday, November 22, 2023 at 5:19:18 PM UTC-5, erik simpson wrote:
    On Wednesday, November 22, 2023 at 1:45:14 PM UTC-8, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Tuesday, November 21, 2023 at 11:15:47 AM UTC-5, John Harshman wrote:
    On 11/21/23 6:55 AM, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 9:45:04 AM UTC-5, Sight Reader wrote:
    On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:

    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved
    within the Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids.

    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that
    are sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?

    Correct. Paleontologists have abandoned Archie as a bird ancestor. But I have no idea
    how much of this is due to careful anatomical study and how much due to an ideology
    that dominates taxonomy, which claims that there is "no evidence" that any fossil species is ancestral
    to any other species, fossil or extant.


    A little of both, really.
    What would be an apomorphy that disqualifies it from direct ancestry? [See below for
    why I am wording it this way.]
    "no evidence" = no incontrovertible proof

    What would count as evidence? If I recall, you mostly won't say.
    Your memory seems to be worsening lately. I've told you umpteen times about what I call a "prime candidate for ancestry of __________________": a reasonably complete skeleton [a fraction of missing ribs and vertebrae don't count]
    with no apomorphies that could reasonably disqualify it from direct ancestry of __________________.

    With basal avialans, I would also include "some pennaceous feathers" if the putative
    descendant had them.
    I would suggest that the best evidence
    Didn't you mean to say "the only thing *I* might consider to be evidence" instead
    of the last two words? See "equality" above.
    would be character optimization on a tree
    showing a zero-length branch between a species and the ancestral node.
    That would depend on how complete the skeleton was, and
    whether almost ALL representative bones [and, in the case above, feathers] were included in the analysis.
    But would even that be ver good evidence?
    Mine is so demanding, it can only apply in a few places on the tree of vertebrata. About the only place where it occurs in abundance is in Equidae.

    Contrast that with the ubiquitous use of "sister group," where almost everything is the alleged sister group of something else. This is why I
    am annoyed at your doctrinaire claim that "prime ancestor candidate"
    is not "objective" enough to be acceptable to a leading peer-reviewed journal.
    Meanwhile, loose "sister group" talk is everywhere, as can be seen from the
    on-again, off-again hypothesis that the correct grouping is {Theropods, Ornithischians} Sauropods
    rather than the > century old tradition that the following is correct:

    {Theropods, Sauropods} Ornithischians.

    I'm not quite sure if you think that's a bad thing.
    It seriously undermines your notion that "sister group" claims are "objective."
    At the very least, such claims should be coupled with "based on the phylogenetic analysis in __________________." That way, people can judge for themselves how near to being "objective" these claims are.
    But if that's the
    case, why? Shouldn't we always be prepared to question traditional wisdom in the light of new evidence?
    "Prime ancestor candidate" does that very well, while giving us
    a window into what the actual LCA might have been like.
    Isn't uncertainty preferable to
    false confidence?
    Certainly, but look at the false confidence you displayed where my then-future
    reply to this very post of yours was the issue in talk.origins:

    ________________________ begin excerpt, my words alternating with your ripostes_______________________

    Full disclosure: Harshman, as might be expected, tried to undermine
    the above at every turn in a reply to that post.

    Yes, it might be expected that I would explain how you are wrong about
    so much of what you say. Though you never listen, it's possible that someone else may.

    However, you might be disappointed by the caliber of that reply.
    In any event, he will get a rebuttal tomorrow.

    I doubt it. There might be a response, but I don't expect anything substantive.

    ++++++++++++++++++++ end of excerpt
    from
    https://groups.google.com/g/talk.origins/c/yl0TJZ0nueg/m/LR0mNH1OAAAJ November 22, 2023, 1:01 AM
    Re: DNA PROOFREADING AND ?REPAIR MECHANISMS ~ REVISITED
    [original subject line: Origin of Life Challenge]

    Your cocksure attitude in the excerpt is well suited to talk.origins, where you have
    quite a lot of people who look up to you as a "biology guru."

    However, it imparts a tinge of hypocrisy to your question,
    "Isn't uncertainty preferable to false confidence?"
    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics
    Univ. of South Carolina -- standard disclaimer-- https://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos

    We've been over all this before.

    No, we haven't. Harshman's display of arrogance over in talk.origins is new even for him,
    but it is true that your failure to bat an eye at it is the same old same old with you.

    Who is the intended audience for your
    proposed ancestor candidates?

    (1) Anyone who wants to make sense of Kathleen Hunt's excellent FAQ on
    the horse superfamily:
    http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/horses/horse_evol.html

    In it, Kathleen Hunt displays, not a phylogenetic tree, but what Richard Zander and some others have called an "evolutionary tree," which shows hypothesized direct ancestry, with real animals known from fossils occupying the nodes.

    In contrast, phylogenetic trees even avoid giving names to the LCA's that
    form the nodes in them. Even ichnofossils are given names, but the
    doctrines to which Harshman subscribes rate ichnofossils higher than actual species whose existence AND main suite of characters is not in doubt.

    Now, what Kathleen's actual text conveys is that every genus-to-genus line in that evolutionary tree represents
    a prime ancestor candidate in the genus at the lower end for the genus at the upper end.
    Whether she was justified in it, it provides a rationale for the existence of the tree.

    (2) Evidence that creationists cannot wave away that actual evolution has occurred.
    Trying to use a phylogenetic tree for the same end invites a huge amount
    of debate from more knowledgeable creationists who know that it is impossible to even approximate direct ancestry from them. For instance, the echidnas are the
    sister group of the platypus, but it would be madness to claim that one is descended from the other.


    It's certainly not paleotologists or
    evolutionary biologists.

    Kathleen Hunt was both. Who are you trying to kid?


    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics -- standard disclaimer--
    University of So. Carolina at Columbia
    http://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From John Harshman@21:1/5 to Peter Nyikos on Wed Nov 22 19:14:35 2023
    On 11/22/23 6:14 PM, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Wednesday, November 22, 2023 at 5:19:18 PM UTC-5, erik simpson wrote:
    On Wednesday, November 22, 2023 at 1:45:14 PM UTC-8, Peter Nyikos wrote: >>> On Tuesday, November 21, 2023 at 11:15:47 AM UTC-5, John Harshman wrote: >>>> On 11/21/23 6:55 AM, Peter Nyikos wrote:
    On Friday, November 17, 2023 at 9:45:04 AM UTC-5, Sight Reader wrote: >>>>>> On Thursday, November 16, 2023 at 2:54:33 PM UTC-7, Peter Nyikos wrote:

    Our phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered Fujianvenator within the clade Anchiornithidae, which unites other Anchiornis-like taxa51 and is resolved as the earliest diverging group of the Avialae (Fig. 1b). Archaeopteryx was resolved within
    the Avialae as the sister to other avialans except the anchiornithids.

    Ok, so I’m trying to wrap my puny little mind around this. Are they saying here that Anchiornithidae (which, I gather, contains Fujianvenator) and whatever group Archeopteryx belongs to are both different “spurs” of the Avialae tree that are
    sister to birds - but neither of lead directly TO birds?

    Correct. Paleontologists have abandoned Archie as a bird ancestor. But I have no idea
    how much of this is due to careful anatomical study and how much due to an ideology
    that dominates taxonomy, which claims that there is "no evidence" that any fossil species is ancestral
    to any other species, fossil or extant.


    A little of both, really.
    What would be an apomorphy that disqualifies it from direct ancestry? [See below for
    why I am wording it this way.]
    "no evidence" = no incontrovertible proof

    What would count as evidence? If I recall, you mostly won't say.
    Your memory seems to be worsening lately. I've told you umpteen times
    about what I call a "prime candidate for ancestry of __________________": >>> a reasonably complete skeleton [a fraction of missing ribs and vertebrae don't count]
    with no apomorphies that could reasonably disqualify it from direct ancestry of __________________.

    With basal avialans, I would also include "some pennaceous feathers" if the putative
    descendant had them.
    I would suggest that the best evidence
    Didn't you mean to say "the only thing *I* might consider to be evidence" instead
    of the last two words? See "equality" above.
    would be character optimization on a tree
    showing a zero-length branch between a species and the ancestral node.
    That would depend on how complete the skeleton was, and
    whether almost ALL representative bones [and, in the case above, feathers] >>> were included in the analysis.
    But would even that be ver good evidence?
    Mine is so demanding, it can only apply in a few places on the tree of
    vertebrata. About the only place where it occurs in abundance is in Equidae.

    Contrast that with the ubiquitous use of "sister group," where almost
    everything is the alleged sister group of something else. This is why I
    am annoyed at your doctrinaire claim that "prime ancestor candidate"
    is not "objective" enough to be acceptable to a leading peer-reviewed journal.
    Meanwhile, loose "sister group" talk is everywhere, as can be seen from the
    on-again, off-again hypothesis that the correct grouping is
    {Theropods, Ornithischians} Sauropods
    rather than the > century old tradition that the following is correct: >>>>>
    {Theropods, Sauropods} Ornithischians.

    I'm not quite sure if you think that's a bad thing.
    It seriously undermines your notion that "sister group" claims are "objective."
    At the very least, such claims should be coupled with "based on the
    phylogenetic analysis in __________________." That way, people can judge >>> for themselves how near to being "objective" these claims are.
    But if that's the
    case, why? Shouldn't we always be prepared to question traditional
    wisdom in the light of new evidence?
    "Prime ancestor candidate" does that very well, while giving us
    a window into what the actual LCA might have been like.
    Isn't uncertainty preferable to
    false confidence?
    Certainly, but look at the false confidence you displayed where my then-future
    reply to this very post of yours was the issue in talk.origins:

    ________________________ begin excerpt, my words alternating with your ripostes_______________________

    Full disclosure: Harshman, as might be expected, tried to undermine
    the above at every turn in a reply to that post.

    Yes, it might be expected that I would explain how you are wrong about
    so much of what you say. Though you never listen, it's possible that
    someone else may.

    However, you might be disappointed by the caliber of that reply.
    In any event, he will get a rebuttal tomorrow.

    I doubt it. There might be a response, but I don't expect anything
    substantive.

    ++++++++++++++++++++ end of excerpt
    from
    https://groups.google.com/g/talk.origins/c/yl0TJZ0nueg/m/LR0mNH1OAAAJ
    November 22, 2023, 1:01 AM
    Re: DNA PROOFREADING AND ?REPAIR MECHANISMS ~ REVISITED
    [original subject line: Origin of Life Challenge]

    Your cocksure attitude in the excerpt is well suited to talk.origins, where you have
    quite a lot of people who look up to you as a "biology guru."

    However, it imparts a tinge of hypocrisy to your question,
    "Isn't uncertainty preferable to false confidence?"
    Peter Nyikos
    Professor, Dept. of Mathematics
    Univ. of South Carolina -- standard disclaimer--
    https://people.math.sc.edu/nyikos

    We've been over all this before.

    No, we haven't. Harshman's display of arrogance over in talk.origins is new even for him,
    but it is true that your failure to bat an eye at it is the same old same old with you.

    Who is the intended audience for your
    proposed ancestor candidates?

    (1) Anyone who wants to make sense of Kathleen Hunt's excellent FAQ on
    the horse superfamily:
    http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/horses/horse_evol.html

    You seem to have a habit lately of mentioning my posts and attacking
    them in replies to other people, but not responding to me. This is not
    healthy.

    You keep returning to Hunt's FAQ. Is it in fact the only example you
    would consider useful? If so, of what value is this whole idea of
    "ancestor candidates"?

    In it, Kathleen Hunt displays, not a phylogenetic tree, but what Richard Zander
    and some others have called an "evolutionary tree," which shows hypothesized direct ancestry, with real animals known from fossils occupying the nodes.

    Is that actually true, or are the nodes "genera"? Those are two
    different things.

    In contrast, phylogenetic trees even avoid giving names to the LCA's that form the nodes in them. Even ichnofossils are given names, but the
    doctrines to which Harshman subscribes rate ichnofossils higher than actual species whose existence AND main suite of characters is not in doubt.

    I'm not seeing the point here. Ichnofossils are physical objects. Nodes
    are not. Nodes don't need names, nor do they have to be identified with
    actual fossils. And this has nothing to do with how things "rate".

    Now, what Kathleen's actual text conveys is that every genus-to-genus line in that evolutionary tree represents
    a prime ancestor candidate in the genus at the lower end for the genus at the upper end.
    Whether she was justified in it, it provides a rationale for the existence of the tree.

    Does the tree need that rationale? Is really necessary to claim that the fossils are direct ancestors in order to justify the tree? No, in both
    cases.

    (2) Evidence that creationists cannot wave away that actual evolution has occurred.
    Trying to use a phylogenetic tree for the same end invites a huge amount
    of debate from more knowledgeable creationists who know that it is impossible to even approximate direct ancestry from them. For instance, the echidnas are the
    sister group of the platypus, but it would be madness to claim that one is descended from the other.

    You underestimate creationists. They can wave away anything. You
    overestimate them too, claiming that there were any who were more knowledgeable. I don't think any of them are more knowledgeable than you
    are, which, on the subject of phylogenetic trees, is quite inadequate.

    Imaginary lines from one fossil to another are not evidence, and there
    probably are creationists who know that. This is manufacturing evidence,
    in essence lying for evolution. That's not a good strategy.

    It's certainly not paleotologists or
    evolutionary biologists.

    Kathleen Hunt was both. Who are you trying to kid?

    What he presumably meant was modern paleontologists or evolutionary
    biologists. Science advances, even if you don't.

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