• What is a "cult"?

    From Steve Hayes@21:1/5 to All on Wed May 29 04:21:12 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    For a long time there has been a debate, especialy in academic circles
    studying new religious movements (NRMs) about the use and usage of the
    word "cult". See here:

    https://t.co/ZGXbOfER3I

    In my view there are legitimate and illegitimate uses of the word.
    Here's an example:

    Legitimate: The cult of St George was taken to England by the
    crusaders.

    Illegitimate: The Jehovah's Witnesses are a cult phenomenon.

    A cult is something that people *do*.

    A cult is not something that people or a group of people *are*.




    --
    Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
    Web: http://www.khanya.org.za/stevesig.htm
    Blog: http://khanya.wordpress.com
    E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk

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  • From Adam Funk@21:1/5 to Steve Hayes on Wed May 29 11:10:53 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    On 2024-05-29, Steve Hayes wrote:

    For a long time there has been a debate, especialy in academic circles studying new religious movements (NRMs) about the use and usage of the
    word "cult". See here:

    https://t.co/ZGXbOfER3I

    In my view there are legitimate and illegitimate uses of the word.
    Here's an example:

    Legitimate: The cult of St George was taken to England by the
    crusaders.

    Illegitimate: The Jehovah's Witnesses are a cult phenomenon.

    A cult is something that people *do*.

    A cult is not something that people or a group of people *are*.

    I get your point ("cult of X" as a scholarly term) but it's obvious
    from the context which meaning applies.


    --
    You could tell by the way that he talked, though, that he had gone to
    school a long time. That was probably what was wrong with him. George
    had been wise enough to get out of school as soon as possible. He
    didn't want to end up like that guy. [A Conf. of Dunces]

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  • From Anton Shepelev@21:1/5 to All on Thu May 30 01:18:02 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    Steve Hayes:

    A cult is something that people *do*.

    A cult is not something that people or a group of people
    *are*.

    I have no problem with either meaning, and consider the
    second one as bearing negative connotations in colluquial
    speech. Britannica online concurs:

    usually small group devoted to a person, idea, or
    philosophy. The term /cult/ is often applied to a
    religious movement that exists in some degree of
    tension with the dominant religious or cultural
    inclination of a society. In recent years the word
    cult has been most commonly used as a pejorative term
    for a religious group that falls outside the
    mainstream and, by implication, engages in
    questionable activities. Many new religions are
    controversially labeled as cults.

    as do many dictionaries. I also believe this is an old
    meaning used by good writers.

    Illegitimate: The Jehovah's Witnesses are a cult
    phenomenon.

    This is ugly anyway, because "cult phenomenon" is a lousy
    phrase for "cult". Some useful noun phrases with the
    adjective "cult" are "cult following", "cult status", and
    "cult building".

    I should rather call YWs a sect, though. Satatism, on the
    other hand, is a cult. Satanists comprise a cult. Apple
    afficionados comprise another.

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  • From Ross Clark@21:1/5 to jerryfriedman on Sat Jun 1 09:30:06 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    On 1/06/2024 1:54 a.m., jerryfriedman wrote:
    Steve Hayes wrote:

    On Thu, 30 May 2024 01:18:02 +0300, Anton Shepelev
    <[email protected]> wrote:

    Steve Hayes:

    A cult is something that people *do*.

    A cult is not something that people or a group of people
    *are*.

    I have no problem with either meaning, and consider the
    second one as bearing negative connotations in colluquial
    speech.  Britannica online concurs:

      usually small group devoted to a person, idea, or
      philosophy.  The term /cult/ is often applied to a
      religious movement that exists in some degree of
      tension with the dominant religious or cultural
      inclination of a society.  In recent years the word
      cult has been most commonly used as a pejorative term
      for a religious group that falls outside the
      mainstream and, by implication, engages in
      questionable activities. Many new religions are
      controversially labeled as cults.

    as do many dictionaries.  I also believe this is an old
    meaning used by good writers.

    It is because of that usage that the academics want to ban all use of
    the term.

    But my Concise Oxford Dictionary has

    cult n. System of religious worship; devotion, homage to person or
    thing (the ~ of).

    And I believe that there is no simple synonym to convey that meaning,
    and that it should therefore not be banned from academic usage when
    used in that sense, because it is not intrinsically pejorative, as it
    tends to be when used in the other sense.
    ..

    Well, I'd think academics should be able to handle that.  But
    "the veneration of St. George" seems to be a possibility.

    I'd think academics would also want the usually derogatory
    "cult of personality".

    I have opined here before that whoever thus translated Russian культа личности made two bad choices, since both "cult" and "personality" have more prominent senses in English which are inappropriate.
    "Worship/veneration of an individual" would have been more accurate,
    but, I guess, less snappy.

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  • From Steve Hayes@21:1/5 to jerryfriedman on Sat Jun 1 05:10:06 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    On Fri, 31 May 2024 13:54:10 +0000, [email protected]
    (jerryfriedman) wrote:

    Steve Hayes wrote:


    But my Concise Oxford Dictionary has

    cult n. System of religious worship; devotion, homage to person or
    thing (the ~ of).

    And I believe that there is no simple synonym to convey that meaning,
    and that it should therefore not be banned from academic usage when
    used in that sense, because it is not intrinsically pejorative, as it
    tends to be when used in the other sense.
    ..

    Well, I'd think academics should be able to handle that. But
    "the veneration of St. George" seems to be a possibility.

    I'd think academics would also want the usually derogatory
    "cult of personality".

    "A personality veneration"?

    And would that work as the title of this book -- substituting "The
    Veneration of Rhodes" for "The Cult of Rhodes"?

    https://khanya.wordpress.com/2016/08/10/the-cult-of-rhodes/




    --
    Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
    Web: http://www.khanya.org.za/stevesig.htm
    Blog: http://khanya.wordpress.com
    E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk

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  • From Steve Hayes@21:1/5 to jerryfriedman on Sat Jun 1 05:18:48 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    On Fri, 31 May 2024 22:31:08 +0000, [email protected]
    (jerryfriedman) wrote:

    Ross Clark wrote:

    On 1/06/2024 1:54 a.m., jerryfriedman wrote:
    I'd think academics would also want the usually derogatory
    "cult of personality".

    I have opined here before that whoever thus translated Russian ??????
    ???????? made two bad choices, since both "cult" and "personality" have

    more prominent senses in English which are inappropriate.
    "Worship/veneration of an individual" would have been more accurate,
    but, I guess, less snappy.

    The phrase already existed in English, according to the OED. I wonder >whether the Russian phrase was translated from English.

    cult of personality: a collective obsession with, or intense,
    excessive, or uncritical admiration for, a particular public figure,
    esp. a political leader; the instigation of such an obsession; cf. >personality cult n.

    The term "personality cult" also covers things like celebrity cults.

    Could one call them "celebrity venerations" or "celebrity worships"?

    Frequently associated with totalitarian leaders (esp. Stalin) and
    their idealized portrayal by means of propaganda, manipulation of
    the mass media, etc.

    1898
    The Oriental voyage of his spectacular Majesty, William II.,
    gives the German newspapers plenty of opportunity for speculation,
    and incidentally offers many examples of the peculiar cult of
    personality indulged in by the German people.
    New York Times 6 November 19/7

    1920
    In politics, as in the army and boxing, the cult of personality
    is in the ascendant.
    Observer 26 September 12/2

    Still true today, At least in South Africa, most of the news media
    concentrate on the personalities of politicians, and their personal
    and social lives rather than on their policies.


    --
    Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
    Web: http://www.khanya.org.za/stevesig.htm
    Blog: http://khanya.wordpress.com
    E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk

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  • From Ross Clark@21:1/5 to Ross Clark on Sat Jun 1 23:49:01 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    On 1/06/2024 11:22 p.m., Ross Clark wrote:
    On 1/06/2024 10:31 a.m., jerryfriedman wrote:
    Ross Clark wrote:

    On 1/06/2024 1:54 a.m., jerryfriedman wrote:
    Steve Hayes wrote:

    On Thu, 30 May 2024 01:18:02 +0300, Anton Shepelev
    <[email protected]> wrote:

    Steve Hayes:

    A cult is something that people *do*.

    A cult is not something that people or a group of people
    *are*.

    I have no problem with either meaning, and consider the
    second one as bearing negative connotations in colluquial
    speech.  Britannica online concurs:

      usually small group devoted to a person, idea, or
      philosophy.  The term /cult/ is often applied to a
      religious movement that exists in some degree of
      tension with the dominant religious or cultural
      inclination of a society.  In recent years the word
      cult has been most commonly used as a pejorative term
      for a religious group that falls outside the
      mainstream and, by implication, engages in
      questionable activities. Many new religions are
      controversially labeled as cults.

    as do many dictionaries.  I also believe this is an old
    meaning used by good writers.

    It is because of that usage that the academics want to ban all use of >>>>> the term.

    But my Concise Oxford Dictionary has

    cult n. System of religious worship; devotion, homage to person or
    thing (the ~ of).

    And I believe that there is no simple synonym to convey that meaning, >>>>> and that it should therefore not be banned from academic usage when
    used in that sense, because it is not intrinsically pejorative, as it >>>>> tends to be when used in the other sense.
    ..

    Well, I'd think academics should be able to handle that.  But
    "the veneration of St. George" seems to be a possibility.

    I'd think academics would also want the usually derogatory
    "cult of personality".

    I have opined here before that whoever thus translated Russian культа >>> личности made two bad choices, since both "cult" and "personality" have

    more prominent senses in English which are inappropriate.
    "Worship/veneration of an individual" would have been more accurate,
    but, I guess, less snappy.

    The phrase already existed in English, according to the OED.  I wonder
    whether the Russian phrase was translated from English.

    cult of personality: a collective obsession with, or intense,
    excessive, or uncritical admiration for, a particular public figure,
    esp. a political leader; the instigation of such an obsession; cf.
    personality cult n.

    Frequently associated with totalitarian leaders (esp. Stalin) and
    their idealized portrayal by means of propaganda, manipulation of
    the mass media, etc.

    1898
    The Oriental voyage of his spectacular Majesty, William II.,
    gives the German newspapers plenty of opportunity for speculation,
    and incidentally offers many examples of the peculiar cult of
    personality indulged in by the German people.
    New York Times 6 November 19/7

    1920
    In politics, as in the army and boxing, the cult of personality
    is in the ascendant.
    Observer 26 September 12/2

    1933
    Hanfstaengl..coached [Hitler]..in the introduction of
    high-pressure American advertising methods. The cult of
    personality until then was almost unknown in German political
    life.
    Billings (Montana) Gazette 5 March 15/3

    1953
    Such incorrect methods of work..‘often result in one-sided,
    poorly-devised, and..erroneous decisions,’ the editorial [in
    the official journal of the Cominform] added. It branded the
    cult of personality as ‘harmful and intolerable’ and contrary
    to ‘Marx Leninism’.
    Times 8 September 6/6


    Well, well. I had always assumed it was a Russian coinage in
    retrospective critique of Stalin, perhaps from Khrushchev's famous 1956 speech. I guess that just reflects the period when I first heard it.


    OED doesn't suggest a remoter origin, and the 1898 quote looks as if
    it's already a known concept. Could be from some 19th century (German?) political philosopher.

    I still think the prevalent senses of the two words create a somewhat distorted understanding of the phrase among English speakers.

    Ha! How's this?

    "The term "cult of personality" likely appeared in English around
    1800–1850, along with the French and German versions of the term. It initially had no political connotations, but was instead closely related
    to the Romanticist "cult of genius". The first known political use of
    the phrase appeared in a letter from Karl Marx to German political
    worker Wilhelm Blos dated to November 10, 1877:

    Neither of us cares a straw of popularity. Let me cite one proof of
    this: such was my aversion to the personality cult [orig.
    Personenkultus] that at the time of the International, when plagued by
    numerous moves ... to accord me public honor, I never allowed one of
    these to enter the domain of publicity ...

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_personality

    Their reference is to K.Heller & J.Plamper, Personality Cults in Stalinism/Personenkulte im Stalinismus (Göttingen, 2004).

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  • From Ross Clark@21:1/5 to jerryfriedman on Sat Jun 1 23:22:46 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    On 1/06/2024 10:31 a.m., jerryfriedman wrote:
    Ross Clark wrote:

    On 1/06/2024 1:54 a.m., jerryfriedman wrote:
    Steve Hayes wrote:

    On Thu, 30 May 2024 01:18:02 +0300, Anton Shepelev
    <[email protected]> wrote:

    Steve Hayes:

    A cult is something that people *do*.

    A cult is not something that people or a group of people
    *are*.

    I have no problem with either meaning, and consider the
    second one as bearing negative connotations in colluquial
    speech.  Britannica online concurs:

      usually small group devoted to a person, idea, or
      philosophy.  The term /cult/ is often applied to a
      religious movement that exists in some degree of
      tension with the dominant religious or cultural
      inclination of a society.  In recent years the word
      cult has been most commonly used as a pejorative term
      for a religious group that falls outside the
      mainstream and, by implication, engages in
      questionable activities. Many new religions are
      controversially labeled as cults.

    as do many dictionaries.  I also believe this is an old
    meaning used by good writers.

    It is because of that usage that the academics want to ban all use of
    the term.

    But my Concise Oxford Dictionary has

    cult n. System of religious worship; devotion, homage to person or
    thing (the ~ of).

    And I believe that there is no simple synonym to convey that meaning,
    and that it should therefore not be banned from academic usage when
    used in that sense, because it is not intrinsically pejorative, as it
    tends to be when used in the other sense.
    ..

    Well, I'd think academics should be able to handle that.  But
    "the veneration of St. George" seems to be a possibility.

    I'd think academics would also want the usually derogatory
    "cult of personality".

    I have opined here before that whoever thus translated Russian культа >> личности made two bad choices, since both "cult" and "personality" have

    more prominent senses in English which are inappropriate.
    "Worship/veneration of an individual" would have been more accurate,
    but, I guess, less snappy.

    The phrase already existed in English, according to the OED.  I wonder whether the Russian phrase was translated from English.

    cult of personality: a collective obsession with, or intense,
    excessive, or uncritical admiration for, a particular public figure,
    esp. a political leader; the instigation of such an obsession; cf. personality cult n.

    Frequently associated with totalitarian leaders (esp. Stalin) and
    their idealized portrayal by means of propaganda, manipulation of
    the mass media, etc.

    1898
    The Oriental voyage of his spectacular Majesty, William II.,
    gives the German newspapers plenty of opportunity for speculation,
    and incidentally offers many examples of the peculiar cult of
    personality indulged in by the German people.
    New York Times 6 November 19/7

    1920
    In politics, as in the army and boxing, the cult of personality
    is in the ascendant.
    Observer 26 September 12/2

    1933
    Hanfstaengl..coached [Hitler]..in the introduction of
    high-pressure American advertising methods. The cult of
    personality until then was almost unknown in German political
    life.
    Billings (Montana) Gazette 5 March 15/3

    1953
    Such incorrect methods of work..‘often result in one-sided,
    poorly-devised, and..erroneous decisions,’ the editorial [in
    the official journal of the Cominform] added. It branded the
    cult of personality as ‘harmful and intolerable’ and contrary
    to ‘Marx Leninism’.
    Times 8 September 6/6


    Well, well. I had always assumed it was a Russian coinage in
    retrospective critique of Stalin, perhaps from Khrushchev's famous 1956
    speech. I guess that just reflects the period when I first heard it.


    OED doesn't suggest a remoter origin, and the 1898 quote looks as if
    it's already a known concept. Could be from some 19th century (German?) political philosopher.

    I still think the prevalent senses of the two words create a somewhat
    distorted understanding of the phrase among English speakers.

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  • From Anton Shepelev@21:1/5 to All on Mon Jun 3 12:39:35 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    Steve Hayes:

    "A personality veneration"?

    Why `personality' instead of `(a) person'?

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  • From Adam Funk@21:1/5 to Ross Clark on Mon Jun 3 12:30:42 2024
    XPost: alt.usage.english, alt.english.usage, alt.religion
    XPost: alt.religion.christianity, alt.languages.english

    On 2024-06-01, Ross Clark wrote:

    On 1/06/2024 11:22 p.m., Ross Clark wrote:
    On 1/06/2024 10:31 a.m., jerryfriedman wrote:
    Ross Clark wrote:

    On 1/06/2024 1:54 a.m., jerryfriedman wrote:
    Steve Hayes wrote:

    On Thu, 30 May 2024 01:18:02 +0300, Anton Shepelev
    <[email protected]> wrote:

    Steve Hayes:

    A cult is something that people *do*.

    A cult is not something that people or a group of people
    *are*.

    I have no problem with either meaning, and consider the
    second one as bearing negative connotations in colluquial
    speech.  Britannica online concurs:

      usually small group devoted to a person, idea, or
      philosophy.  The term /cult/ is often applied to a
      religious movement that exists in some degree of
      tension with the dominant religious or cultural
      inclination of a society.  In recent years the word
      cult has been most commonly used as a pejorative term
      for a religious group that falls outside the
      mainstream and, by implication, engages in
      questionable activities. Many new religions are
      controversially labeled as cults.

    as do many dictionaries.  I also believe this is an old
    meaning used by good writers.

    It is because of that usage that the academics want to ban all use of >>>>>> the term.

    But my Concise Oxford Dictionary has

    cult n. System of religious worship; devotion, homage to person or >>>>>> thing (the ~ of).

    And I believe that there is no simple synonym to convey that meaning, >>>>>> and that it should therefore not be banned from academic usage when >>>>>> used in that sense, because it is not intrinsically pejorative, as it >>>>>> tends to be when used in the other sense.
    ..

    Well, I'd think academics should be able to handle that.  But
    "the veneration of St. George" seems to be a possibility.

    I'd think academics would also want the usually derogatory
    "cult of personality".

    I have opined here before that whoever thus translated Russian культа
    личности made two bad choices, since both "cult" and "personality" have

    more prominent senses in English which are inappropriate.
    "Worship/veneration of an individual" would have been more accurate,
    but, I guess, less snappy.

    The phrase already existed in English, according to the OED.  I wonder
    whether the Russian phrase was translated from English.

    cult of personality: a collective obsession with, or intense,
    excessive, or uncritical admiration for, a particular public figure,
    esp. a political leader; the instigation of such an obsession; cf.
    personality cult n.

    Frequently associated with totalitarian leaders (esp. Stalin) and
    their idealized portrayal by means of propaganda, manipulation of
    the mass media, etc.

    1898
    The Oriental voyage of his spectacular Majesty, William II.,
    gives the German newspapers plenty of opportunity for speculation,
    and incidentally offers many examples of the peculiar cult of
    personality indulged in by the German people.
    New York Times 6 November 19/7

    1920
    In politics, as in the army and boxing, the cult of personality
    is in the ascendant.
    Observer 26 September 12/2

    1933
    Hanfstaengl..coached [Hitler]..in the introduction of
    high-pressure American advertising methods. The cult of
    personality until then was almost unknown in German political
    life.
    Billings (Montana) Gazette 5 March 15/3

    1953
    Such incorrect methods of work..‘often result in one-sided,
    poorly-devised, and..erroneous decisions,’ the editorial [in
    the official journal of the Cominform] added. It branded the
    cult of personality as ‘harmful and intolerable’ and contrary
    to ‘Marx Leninism’.
    Times 8 September 6/6


    Well, well. I had always assumed it was a Russian coinage in
    retrospective critique of Stalin, perhaps from Khrushchev's famous 1956
    speech. I guess that just reflects the period when I first heard it.


    OED doesn't suggest a remoter origin, and the 1898 quote looks as if
    it's already a known concept. Could be from some 19th century (German?)
    political philosopher.

    I still think the prevalent senses of the two words create a somewhat
    distorted understanding of the phrase among English speakers.

    Ha! How's this?

    "The term "cult of personality" likely appeared in English around 1800–1850, along with the French and German versions of the term. It initially had no political connotations, but was instead closely related
    to the Romanticist "cult of genius". The first known political use of
    the phrase appeared in a letter from Karl Marx to German political
    worker Wilhelm Blos dated to November 10, 1877:

    Neither of us cares a straw of popularity. Let me cite one proof of this: such was my aversion to the personality cult [orig.
    Personenkultus] that at the time of the International, when plagued by numerous moves ... to accord me public honor, I never allowed one of
    these to enter the domain of publicity ...

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_personality

    Their reference is to K.Heller & J.Plamper, Personality Cults in Stalinism/Personenkulte im Stalinismus (Göttingen, 2004).

    Interesting! I did not know the term was that old.



    --
    Some say the world will end in fire; some say in segfaults.
    <https://xkcd.com/312/>

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