https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/04/science/archaeology-neanderthals-wood.html
...
Dr. Terberger was team leader of a study published
last month in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences that provided the first
comprehensive report on the wooden objects
excavated from 1994 to 2008 in the peat of an
open-pit coal mine near Schöningen, in northern
Germany.
...
In the mid-1990s, the discovery of three of the
spears — along with stone tools and the butchered
remains of 10 wild horses — upended prevailing
ideas about the intelligence, social interaction
and toolmaking skills of our extinct human
ancestors.
...
The new study, which began in 2021, examined
more than 700 pieces of wood from the Spear
Horizon, many of which had spent the previous
two decades stored in chilled tubs of distilled
water to simulate the waterlogged sediment that
had protected them from decay. With the aid of
3-D microscopy and micro-CT scanners that
highlighted signs of wear or cut marks,
researchers identified 187 pieces of wood that
showed evidence of splitting, scraping or
abrasion.
...
Besides weapons, the assemblage included 35
pointed and rounded artifacts that were most
likely used in domestic activities such as
punching holes and smoothing hides.
...
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2320484121
The wooden artifacts from Schöningen’s Spear
Horizon and their place in human evolution
Significance
Wooden tools rarely survive in the Paleolithic
record limiting our understanding of
Pleistocene hunter-gather lifeways. With 187
wooden artifacts, Schöningen 13 II-4 provides
the largest assemblage worldwide introduced
here for the first time in full. Wooden tools
include at least 10 spears and seven throwing
sticks used in hunting next to 35 newly
recognized pointed and rounded split woods
likely used in domestic activities. The study
provides unique insights into Pleistocene
woodworking techniques, tool design, use,
re-working, and human behavior connected to
wooden artifacts. Human evolution studies
show increasing brain size and technological
complexity that coincide with human group
hunting over the last 2 Ma. Schöningen’s
wooden hunting weapons exemplify the
interplay of technological complexity, human
behavior, and human evolution.
Abstract
Ethnographic records show that wooden tools
played a pivotal role in the daily lives of
hunter-gatherers including food procurement
tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing
sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks,
bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools
(e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood
rarely survives in the archeological record,
especially in Pleistocene contexts and
knowledge of prehistoric hunter-gatherer
lifeways is strongly biased by the
survivorship of more resilient materials such
as lithics and bones. Consequently, very few
Paleolithic sites have produced wooden
artifacts and among them, the site of
Schöningen stands out due to its number and
variety of wooden tools. The recovery of
complete wooden spears and throwing sticks
at this 300,000-y-old site (MIS 9) led to a
paradigm shift in the hunter vs. scavenger
debate. For the first time and almost 30 y
after their discovery, this study introduces
the complete wooden assemblage from Schöningen
13 II-4 known as the Spear Horizon. In total,
187 wooden artifacts could be identified from
the Spear Horizon demonstrating a broad
spectrum of wood-working techniques, including
the splitting technique. A minimum of 20
hunting weapons is now recognized and two
newly identified artifact types comprise 35
tools made on split woods, which were likely
used in domestic activities. Schöningen 13
II-4 represents the largest Pleistocene
wooden artifact assemblage worldwide and
demonstrates the key role woodworking had in
human evolution. Finally, our results
considerably change the interpretation of the
Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schöningen.
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2320484121
The wooden artifacts from Schöningen’s Spear
Horizon and their place in human evolution
Significance
Wooden tools rarely survive in the Paleolithic
record limiting our understanding of
Pleistocene hunter-gather lifeways. With 187
wooden artifacts, Schöningen 13 II-4 provides
the largest assemblage worldwide introduced
here for the first time in full. Wooden tools
include at least 10 spears and seven throwing
sticks used in hunting next to 35 newly
recognized pointed and rounded split woods
likely used in domestic activities. The study
provides unique insights into Pleistocene
woodworking techniques, tool design, use,
re-working, and human behavior connected to
wooden artifacts. Human evolution studies
show increasing brain size and technological
complexity that coincide with human group
hunting over the last 2 Ma. Schöningen’s
wooden hunting weapons exemplify the
interplay of technological complexity, human
behavior, and human evolution.
Abstract
Ethnographic records show that wooden tools
played a pivotal role in the daily lives of
hunter-gatherers including food procurement
tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing
sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks,
bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools
(e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood
rarely survives in the archeological record,
especially in Pleistocene contexts and
knowledge of prehistoric hunter-gatherer
lifeways is strongly biased by the
survivorship of more resilient materials such
as lithics and bones. Consequently, very few
Paleolithic sites have produced wooden
artifacts and among them, the site of
Schöningen stands out due to its number and
variety of wooden tools. The recovery of
complete wooden spears and throwing sticks
at this 300,000-y-old site (MIS 9) led to a
paradigm shift in the hunter vs. scavenger
debate. For the first time and almost 30 y
after their discovery, this study introduces
the complete wooden assemblage from Schöningen
13 II-4 known as the Spear Horizon. In total,
187 wooden artifacts could be identified from
the Spear Horizon demonstrating a broad
spectrum of wood-working techniques, including
the splitting technique. A minimum of 20
hunting weapons is now recognized and two
newly identified artifact types comprise 35
tools made on split woods, which were likely
used in domestic activities. Schöningen 13
II-4 represents the largest Pleistocene
wooden artifact assemblage worldwide and
demonstrates the key role woodworking had in
human evolution. Finally, our results
considerably change the interpretation of the
Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schöningen.
Op 13-05-2024 om 07:42 schreef Primum Sapienti:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2320484121
The wooden artifacts from Schöningen’s Spear
Horizon and their place in human evolution
Significance
Wooden tools rarely survive in the Paleolithic
record limiting our understanding of
Pleistocene hunter-gather lifeways. With 187
wooden artifacts, Schöningen 13 II-4 provides
the largest assemblage worldwide introduced
here for the first time in full. Wooden tools
include at least 10 spears and seven throwing
sticks used in hunting next to 35 newly
recognized pointed and rounded split woods
likely used in domestic activities. The study
provides unique insights into Pleistocene
woodworking techniques, tool design, use,
re-working, and human behavior connected to
wooden artifacts. Human evolution studies
show increasing brain size and technological
complexity that coincide with human group
hunting over the last 2 Ma. Schöningen’s
wooden hunting weapons exemplify the
interplay of technological complexity, human
behavior, and human evolution.
Abstract
Ethnographic records show that wooden tools
played a pivotal role in the daily lives of
hunter-gatherers including food procurement
tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing
sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks,
bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools
(e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood
rarely survives in the archeological record,
especially in Pleistocene contexts and
knowledge of prehistoric hunter-gatherer
lifeways is strongly biased by the
survivorship of more resilient materials such
as lithics and bones. Consequently, very few
Paleolithic sites have produced wooden
artifacts and among them, the site of
Schöningen stands out due to its number and
variety of wooden tools. The recovery of
complete wooden spears and throwing sticks
at this 300,000-y-old site (MIS 9) led to a
paradigm shift in the hunter vs. scavenger
debate. For the first time and almost 30 y
after their discovery, this study introduces
the complete wooden assemblage from Schöningen
13 II-4 known as the Spear Horizon. In total,
187 wooden artifacts could be identified from
the Spear Horizon demonstrating a broad
spectrum of wood-working techniques, including
the splitting technique. A minimum of 20
hunting weapons is now recognized and two
newly identified artifact types comprise 35
tools made on split woods, which were likely
used in domestic activities. Schöningen 13
II-4 represents the largest Pleistocene
wooden artifact assemblage worldwide and
demonstrates the key role woodworking had in
human evolution. Finally, our results
considerably change the interpretation of the
Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schöningen.
"Although in theory, spears could have been used for fishing, the large
size of most of the spears makes use as fishing implements less likely
and evidence of spear fishing or fish consumption is generally sparse at sites predating the Upper Paleolithic."
Can someone forward that to the good Doctor?
On 5/15/24 3:55 AM, Pandora wrote:
Op 13-05-2024 om 07:42 schreef Primum Sapienti:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2320484121
The wooden artifacts from Schöningen’s Spear
Horizon and their place in human evolution
Significance
Wooden tools rarely survive in the Paleolithic
record limiting our understanding of
Pleistocene hunter-gather lifeways. With 187
wooden artifacts, Schöningen 13 II-4 provides
the largest assemblage worldwide introduced
here for the first time in full. Wooden tools
include at least 10 spears and seven throwing
sticks used in hunting next to 35 newly
recognized pointed and rounded split woods
likely used in domestic activities. The study
provides unique insights into Pleistocene
woodworking techniques, tool design, use,
re-working, and human behavior connected to
wooden artifacts. Human evolution studies
show increasing brain size and technological
complexity that coincide with human group
hunting over the last 2 Ma. Schöningen’s
wooden hunting weapons exemplify the
interplay of technological complexity, human
behavior, and human evolution.
Abstract
Ethnographic records show that wooden tools
played a pivotal role in the daily lives of
hunter-gatherers including food procurement
tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing
sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks,
bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools
(e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood
rarely survives in the archeological record,
especially in Pleistocene contexts and
knowledge of prehistoric hunter-gatherer
lifeways is strongly biased by the
survivorship of more resilient materials such
as lithics and bones. Consequently, very few
Paleolithic sites have produced wooden
artifacts and among them, the site of
Schöningen stands out due to its number and
variety of wooden tools. The recovery of
complete wooden spears and throwing sticks
at this 300,000-y-old site (MIS 9) led to a
paradigm shift in the hunter vs. scavenger
debate. For the first time and almost 30 y
after their discovery, this study introduces
the complete wooden assemblage from Schöningen
13 II-4 known as the Spear Horizon. In total,
187 wooden artifacts could be identified from
the Spear Horizon demonstrating a broad
spectrum of wood-working techniques, including
the splitting technique. A minimum of 20
hunting weapons is now recognized and two
newly identified artifact types comprise 35
tools made on split woods, which were likely
used in domestic activities. Schöningen 13
II-4 represents the largest Pleistocene
wooden artifact assemblage worldwide and
demonstrates the key role woodworking had in
human evolution. Finally, our results
considerably change the interpretation of the
Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schöningen.
"Although in theory, spears could have been used for fishing, the
large size of most of the spears makes use as fishing implements less
likely and evidence of spear fishing or fish consumption is generally
sparse at sites predating the Upper Paleolithic."
Can someone forward that to the good Doctor?
If you mean the good Doctor in Belgium, I suspect he'll have his usual reaction to the "complete imbeciles" involved in this.
On 5/15/24 3:55 AM, Pandora wrote:
Op 13-05-2024 om 07:42 schreef Primum Sapienti:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2320484121
The wooden artifacts from Schöningen’s Spear
Horizon and their place in human evolution
Significance
Wooden tools rarely survive in the Paleolithic
record limiting our understanding of
Pleistocene hunter-gather lifeways. With 187
wooden artifacts, Schöningen 13 II-4 provides
the largest assemblage worldwide introduced
here for the first time in full. Wooden tools
include at least 10 spears and seven throwing
sticks used in hunting next to 35 newly
recognized pointed and rounded split woods
likely used in domestic activities. The study
provides unique insights into Pleistocene
woodworking techniques, tool design, use,
re-working, and human behavior connected to
wooden artifacts. Human evolution studies
show increasing brain size and technological
complexity that coincide with human group
hunting over the last 2 Ma. Schöningen’s
wooden hunting weapons exemplify the
interplay of technological complexity, human
behavior, and human evolution.
Abstract
Ethnographic records show that wooden tools
played a pivotal role in the daily lives of
hunter-gatherers including food procurement
tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing
sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks,
bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools
(e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood
rarely survives in the archeological record,
especially in Pleistocene contexts and
knowledge of prehistoric hunter-gatherer
lifeways is strongly biased by the
survivorship of more resilient materials such
as lithics and bones. Consequently, very few
Paleolithic sites have produced wooden
artifacts and among them, the site of
Schöningen stands out due to its number and
variety of wooden tools. The recovery of
complete wooden spears and throwing sticks
at this 300,000-y-old site (MIS 9) led to a
paradigm shift in the hunter vs. scavenger
debate. For the first time and almost 30 y
after their discovery, this study introduces
the complete wooden assemblage from Schöningen
13 II-4 known as the Spear Horizon. In total,
187 wooden artifacts could be identified from
the Spear Horizon demonstrating a broad
spectrum of wood-working techniques, including
the splitting technique. A minimum of 20
hunting weapons is now recognized and two
newly identified artifact types comprise 35
tools made on split woods, which were likely
used in domestic activities. Schöningen 13
II-4 represents the largest Pleistocene
wooden artifact assemblage worldwide and
demonstrates the key role woodworking had in
human evolution. Finally, our results
considerably change the interpretation of the
Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schöningen.
"Although in theory, spears could have been used for fishing, the
large size of most of the spears makes use as fishing implements less
likely and evidence of spear fishing or fish consumption is generally
sparse at sites predating the Upper Paleolithic."
Can someone forward that to the good Doctor?
If you mean the good Doctor in Belgium, I suspect he'll have his usual reaction to the "complete imbeciles" involved in this.
Op 15-05-2024 om 17:52 schreef erik simpson:
On 5/15/24 3:55 AM, Pandora wrote:
Op 13-05-2024 om 07:42 schreef Primum Sapienti:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2320484121
The wooden artifacts from Schöningen’s Spear
Horizon and their place in human evolution
Significance
Wooden tools rarely survive in the Paleolithic
record limiting our understanding of
Pleistocene hunter-gather lifeways. With 187
wooden artifacts, Schöningen 13 II-4 provides
the largest assemblage worldwide introduced
here for the first time in full. Wooden tools
include at least 10 spears and seven throwing
sticks used in hunting next to 35 newly
recognized pointed and rounded split woods
likely used in domestic activities. The study
provides unique insights into Pleistocene
woodworking techniques, tool design, use,
re-working, and human behavior connected to
wooden artifacts. Human evolution studies
show increasing brain size and technological
complexity that coincide with human group
hunting over the last 2 Ma. Schöningen’s
wooden hunting weapons exemplify the
interplay of technological complexity, human
behavior, and human evolution.
Abstract
Ethnographic records show that wooden tools
played a pivotal role in the daily lives of
hunter-gatherers including food procurement
tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing
sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks,
bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools
(e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood
rarely survives in the archeological record,
especially in Pleistocene contexts and
knowledge of prehistoric hunter-gatherer
lifeways is strongly biased by the
survivorship of more resilient materials such
as lithics and bones. Consequently, very few
Paleolithic sites have produced wooden
artifacts and among them, the site of
Schöningen stands out due to its number and
variety of wooden tools. The recovery of
complete wooden spears and throwing sticks
at this 300,000-y-old site (MIS 9) led to a
paradigm shift in the hunter vs. scavenger
debate. For the first time and almost 30 y
after their discovery, this study introduces
the complete wooden assemblage from Schöningen
13 II-4 known as the Spear Horizon. In total,
187 wooden artifacts could be identified from
the Spear Horizon demonstrating a broad
spectrum of wood-working techniques, including
the splitting technique. A minimum of 20
hunting weapons is now recognized and two
newly identified artifact types comprise 35
tools made on split woods, which were likely
used in domestic activities. Schöningen 13
II-4 represents the largest Pleistocene
wooden artifact assemblage worldwide and
demonstrates the key role woodworking had in
human evolution. Finally, our results
considerably change the interpretation of the
Pleistocene lakeshore site of Schöningen.
"Although in theory, spears could have been used for fishing, the
large size of most of the spears makes use as fishing implements less
likely and evidence of spear fishing or fish consumption is generally
sparse at sites predating the Upper Paleolithic."
Can someone forward that to the good Doctor?
If you mean the good Doctor in Belgium, I suspect he'll have his usual
reaction to the "complete imbeciles" involved in this.
As you may have noticed, in his absence he can always count on his
disciples.
Mario Petrinovic wrote:
Well, it may surprise you, but this isn't a football match, >> there are no teams here, we should discuss things, not form alliances.
That's not how academia works. If it doesn't have an immediate
economic or military application, it's not science it's politics.
The only "Reality" that matters is whether everyone really is
in line with the status quo, or not.
Mario Petrinovic wrote:
Yes, I agree. Only, it wasn't supposed to be that way. But >> hey, it all depends on the intelligence of those involved. Which is
low, unfortunately, intelligence is the least desirable thing in
autocratic systems. Actually, any virtue isn't desirable, because it
can challenge the authorities. So, every virtue is reduced to the
simplest level.
Back before usenet died I had a number of very eye opening experiences.
I got into an "Argument" once, over in talk.orgins, with the group. The
whole group. Not a single person agreed with me.
Anyway, I "Argued" that so called "Moderns" and Neanderthals interbred.
As you know, this is a proven fact. Everyone outside of Africa carries Neanderthal DNA, as most people inside of Africa do even if to a lesser extant. But turn the dial on the Wayback Machine to 2007 and this DNA evidence was not known. So...
Anyway, I never ever got a single person to "Argue" the evidence. Not
one person. I knew what the claims were, I was intimate a number of
"Studies" finding zero interbreeding and I knew what was wrong with
those studies, and why the exact opposite should be concluded. And not
a single person was willing to even entertain a discussion on the issues.
It's no different with Aquatic Ape. I'm not saying that the case is as obvious, as well established but it's a really good case. In fact I
will flat out state that it's not a matter of "If" Aquatic Ape is fact
but to what extant -- when did it start, how did it work/influence
our development. But it DEFINITELY happened, it is true. Just
extant.
In many ways I see it as parallel to the interbreeding question: It
was DEFINITELY true, it was just a matter of HOW and to WHAT EXTANT
and it's influence on us living today...
Another example, in the same group, was Gwobull Warbling. People were
saying things which were just plain not true, and I was confronting
them.
I got blocked from the group!
They eventually lifted it but the message was clear: Stray from the
talking points, get shut out.
Nobody "Got" that lesson. Nobody learned a goddamn thing.
Academically, it's not all that different with Aquatic Ape. The
good Doctor was censored, a post deleted on one online side, with
Aquatic Ape denounced as fringe pseudo science.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopes_trial
That was 1925, and nothing has changed in this country. The only
difference is WHAT specifically they label as heresy. It was at one
time this thing called "Evolution," today it's Aquatic Ape and
ACTUAL climate science aka "not Gwobull Warbling."
Why does "Schöningen" matter? It doesn't actually re-date anything,
this new dating. There's still older finds setting this technology
back a further 100,000 years. The needle hasn't been nudged one
inch. Not one iota.
It's an inland site. It's people far removed from the coast and the population that survived by exploiting it. It does, however, embarrass savanna idiocy -- this "high tech" appear deep into central Europe
long before Africa.
So what's the point to it?
"But, it means they could shape wood, more than a million years
after they were known to shape rock and despite having older finds
that prove the same thing!"
It all seems *Way* more narrative driven than science.
Primum Sapienti wrote:
erik simpson wrote:
On 5/15/24 3:55 AM, Pandora wrote:
Op 13-05-2024 om 07:42 schreef Primum Sapienti:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2320484121
The wooden artifacts from Schöningen’s Spear
Horizon and their place in human evolution
"Although in theory, spears could have been used for fishing, the
large size of most of the spears makes use as fishing implements
less likely and evidence of spear fishing or fish consumption is
generally sparse at sites predating the Upper Paleolithic."
Can someone forward that to the good Doctor?
If you mean the good Doctor in Belgium, I suspect he'll have his
usual reaction to the "complete imbeciles" involved in this.
Actually, it would go more like this: "it completely
confirms our view"
:=}}
The paper on endurance running and hunting would
make him positively apoplectic.
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