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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fabio-Negrino/publication/371475135_New_evidence_of_plant_food_processing_in_Italy_before_40ka/links/64857c3e79a722376524d880/New-evidence-of-plant-food-processing-in-Italy-before-40ka.pdf>
New evidence of plant food processing in Italy before 40ka
May 2023
Abstract
Evidence of plant food processing is a significant
indicator of the human ability to exploit environmental
resources. The recovery of starch grains associated
with use-wear on Palaeolithic grinding tools offers
proof of a specific technology for making flour among
Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. Here we present the
analysis of five grindstones from two Italian sites,
Riparo Bombrini and Grotta di Castelcivita, both
inhabited during a crucial phase spanning the decline
of the Neanderthals and the establishment of Sapiens.
The recovery of starch grains on a Mousterian grindstone
at Bombrini suggests that the last Neanderthals not only
consumed and processed plants but also made flour
43-41,000 years ago. Starch grains attributable to
Triticeae on Protoaurignacian grindstones at both sites
testify that Sapiens were processing wild cereals at
least 41,500-36,500 years ago when they expanded into
Eurasia, long before the dawn of agriculture. These new
data suggest a profound knowledge of available plant
resources in both human groups.
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