On Wednesday, September 28, 2022 at 6:02:00 AM UTC-4, DD'eDeN aka note/nickname/alas_my_loves wrote:
http://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2018/07/natufian-culture.html?m=1
Qatar, Arab genes
Arab populations are largely understudied, notably their genetic structure & history.
Here we present an in-depth analysis of 6218 whole genomes from Qatar, revealing extensive diversity & genetic ancestries, representing the main founding Arab genealogical lineages of
- Qahtanite (Peninsular Arabs) &
- Adnanite (General Arabs & W.Eurasian Arabs).
We find:
-- Peninsular Arabs are the closest relatives of ancient hunter-gatherers & Neolithic farmers from the Levant,
-- founder Arab populations experienced multiple splitting events 12–20 ka, consistent with the aridification of Arabia & farming in the Levant, giving rise to settler & nomadic communities,
-- in terms of recent genetic flow, these ancestries contributed significantly to European, S.Asian & S.American populations, likely as a result of Islamic expansion over the past 1400 years.
We characterize a large cohort of men with the ChrY J1a2b haplogroup (n=1491), identifying 29 unique sub-haplogroups.
We leverage genotype novelty to build a reference panel of 12,432 haplotypes, demonstrating improved genotype imputation for both rare & common alleles in Arabs & the wider Middle East.
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Arabia was 'cornerstone' in early human migrations out of Africa, study suggests
Charles Q Choi 2021
The Arabian Peninsula seems to have played an important role in early human migrations out of Africa, scientists have found.
The largest-ever study of Arab genomes has revealed the most ancient of all modern Middle Eastern populations, shedding light on how Hs may have first expanded across the globe.
The Arabian Peninsula (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates) has long served as a key cross-roads between Africa, Europe & Asia.
Recent archaeological, fossil & DNA findings suggest:
analyzing the Middle East & its people could reveal more about how Hs first made their way out of Africa to the rest of the world.
Until now, the genetics of Arab populations was largely understudied.
The new study conducted the first large-scale analysis of the genetics of a Middle Eastern population: DNA from 6218 adults randomly recruited from Qatari health data-bases, cf. the DNA of people living in other areas of the world today & DNA from
ancient humans who once lived in Africa, Europe & Asia.
Co-senior author Younes Mokrab:
"This study is the first large-scale study on an Arab population."
DNA from Middle Eastern groups made significant genetic contributions to European, S.Asian & even S.American communities:
due to the rise & spread of Islam across the world over the past 1400 years, with people of Middle Eastern descent interbreeding with those populations?
"Arab ancestry is a key ancestral component in many modern populations:
what would be discovered in this region would have direct implications to populations elsewhere."
The new findings also suggest that the ancestors of groups from the Arabian Peninsula split from early Africans c 90 ka.
This is about the same time as ancestors of Europeans & S.Asians split from early Africans:
did people migrate from Africa to the rest of the world via Arabia?
"Arabia is a corner-stone in the early migrations out of Africa."
Later, the Arabian Peninsula groups apparently split from ancestral Europeans c 42 ka, and then S.Asian populations c 32 ka:
"Previously, Arab populations were considered to arise from broad European populations."
After Hs left Africa, they encountered (sometimes interbred with) other now-extinct human lineages (Neanderthals & Denisovans) whose ancestors left Africa long before Hs did, and were found virtually exclusively in Europe & Asia:
"The time-lines discovered in our study for when Arabs diverged from other populations explain why Hn DNA is far rarer in Arab populations than in populations that later mixed with ancient hominins."
After comparing Hs genomes with ancient human DNA, they discovered:
a unique group of peninsular Arabs may be the most ancient of all modern Middle Eastern populations.
Members of this group may be the closest relatives of the earliest known farmers & hunter-gatherers to occupy the ancient Middle East
Ancestral Arab groups apparently underwent multiple splits 12 to 20 ka, the scientists noted.
This coincides with the way Arabia became drier, with some groups moving to more fertile areas, giving rise to settler communities, others continuing to live in the arid region, which was more conducive to nomadic lifestyles.
The new study discovered high rates of inbreeding in some peninsular Arab groups, dating back well into ancient times, likely resulting from the tribal nature of these cultures raising barriers to inter-marriage outside tribal groups.
Inbreeding can highlight rare mutations that may increase the risk of disease, so these new findings might help to reveal the causes of certain genetic disorders, and lead to precision medicine to help diagnose & treat diseases in the communities
represented in the study.
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