• Re: Is it safe to plug in Apple's power supply if the wall socket is up

    From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to Jolly Roger on Sat May 27 12:59:39 2023
    On 2023-05-27 12:17, Jolly Roger wrote:
    On 2023-05-27, Ant <[email protected]> wrote:

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades
    holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    My client just moved into a new house and most of the sockets are
    upside down. The round hole is at the top and the blade holes at the
    bottom.

    Does my client need to buy special adapters for this? Where can he
    get them? What ones do you recommend?

    No, just turn the plug over to match and plug it in, silly.

    Doesn't even need to do that - Apple power adaptors are not polarized.

    I was thinking of funnier replies (such as dead links to Amazon) but you
    sucked the gas out of the balloon, alas.

    Often (but not always), upside down outlets indicate that that particular outlet can be controlled with a switch on the wall.

    This seems to be more a "USA" thing. (Not a bad idea, mind).

    (Some electricians consider the upside down orientation to be safer
    because with a right-side up orientation if the two prongs at the top
    are exposed and someone or something touches them, it could present a dangerous electrical hazard. But others argue that with the upside down orientation if gravity or some other force pulls the plug down and out
    of the outlet the ground connection will be lost, presenting its own electrical hazard. Both are good points.)

    This is the more often "best practice" advice here (Canada) - ground at
    top (or cold (wide blade) at top if mounted horizontally). It is not in
    any code that I've heard of.

    (At this point the Brits/Euros will chime in that such is not an issue
    with their system because won't energize unless fully in and in any case
    the stem of the cold and hot "pins" are insulated with only the tips
    exposed. Sure. It's also 240VAC v. 120 here).

    People tend to like the "smiley face" orientation - indeed our utility
    here used to use it as a cartoon mascot (animated at that).

    Another issue is that most heavy duty cable male ends (right angle
    plugs) are oriented with the ground pin at the bottom. Same for
    refrigerator plugs and some extension power bars.

    I'm ambivalent. When I bought the house (1994) I spent some time
    turning most of them ground up but gave up after a dozen or so... Best
    thing is to plug it in all the way. If it's loose, bend the prongs a
    little. If it's still loose - change the socket.

    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Bob Campbell@21:1/5 to Ant on Sat May 27 16:52:07 2023
    Ant <[email protected]> wrote:

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades
    holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    My client just moved into a new house and most of the sockets are upside down. The round hole is at the top and the blade holes at the bottom.

    Does my client need to buy special adapters for this? Where can he get
    them? What ones do you recommend?

    Are you joking? Or are you high?

    Why not just go with the easy solution of turning the house upside down?
    Then all the sockets will be “correct”.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From sticks@21:1/5 to Ant on Sat May 27 11:54:46 2023
    On 5/27/2023 10:41 AM, Ant wrote:

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades
    holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    My client just moved into a new house and most of the sockets are upside down.  The round hole is at the top and the blade holes at the bottom.

    Does my client need to buy special adapters for this?  Where can he get them?  What ones do you recommend?

    Thank you for reading and hopefully answering soon.


    It is the same thing, but whoever installed it just mounted it upside
    down. No big deal as long as it is wired correctly. Just put the plug
    in the way it fits.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Jolly Roger@21:1/5 to Ant on Sat May 27 16:17:47 2023
    On 2023-05-27, Ant <[email protected]> wrote:

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades
    holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    My client just moved into a new house and most of the sockets are
    upside down. The round hole is at the top and the blade holes at the
    bottom.

    Does my client need to buy special adapters for this? Where can he
    get them? What ones do you recommend?

    No, just turn the plug over to match and plug it in, silly.

    Often (but not always), upside down outlets indicate that that particular outlet can be controlled with a switch on the wall.

    (Some electricians consider the upside down orientation to be safer
    because with a right-side up orientation if the two prongs at the top
    are exposed and someone or something touches them, it could present a
    dangerous electrical hazard. But others argue that with the upside down orientation if gravity or some other force pulls the plug down and out
    of the outlet the ground connection will be lost, presenting its own
    electrical hazard. Both are good points.)

    --
    E-mail sent to this address may be devoured by my ravenous SPAM filter.
    I often ignore posts from Google. Use a real news client instead.

    JR

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to Bob Campbell on Sat May 27 13:03:17 2023
    On 2023-05-27 12:52, Bob Campbell wrote:
    Ant <[email protected]> wrote:

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades
    holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    My client just moved into a new house and most of the sockets are upside
    down. The round hole is at the top and the blade holes at the bottom.

    Does my client need to buy special adapters for this? Where can he get
    them? What ones do you recommend?

    Are you joking? Or are you high?

    Not enough choices there ...?

    Why not just go with the easy solution of turning the house upside down?
    Then all the sockets will be “correct”.

    Because the roof is too pointed and it won't stand up?


    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Bob Campbell@21:1/5 to Alan Browne on Sat May 27 18:59:24 2023
    Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote:
    On 2023-05-27 12:52, Bob Campbell wrote:

    Are you joking? Or are you high?

    Not enough choices there ...?

    True, but I think it covers the most obvious.


    Why not just go with the easy solution of turning the house upside down?
    Then all the sockets will be “correct”.

    Because the roof is too pointed and it won't stand up?

    Don’t need a roof on the bottom. Chop it off and it will be flat. The “roof” is now the concrete slab.

    All of which is still better than doing something completely crazy like plugging in your charger upside down. Because - obviously - it’s from
    Apple and it does not like upside down electricity.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to Bob Campbell on Sat May 27 15:22:18 2023
    On 2023-05-27 14:59, Bob Campbell wrote:
    Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote:
    On 2023-05-27 12:52, Bob Campbell wrote:

    Are you joking? Or are you high?

    Not enough choices there ...?

    True, but I think it covers the most obvious.


    Why not just go with the easy solution of turning the house upside down? >>> Then all the sockets will be “correct”.

    Because the roof is too pointed and it won't stand up?

    Don’t need a roof on the bottom. Chop it off and it will be flat. The “roof” is now the concrete slab.

    Wow! Thanks! I don't need this now, but I'll file it for the future.


    All of which is still better than doing something completely crazy like plugging in your charger upside down. Because - obviously - it’s from Apple and it does not like upside down electricity.

    It can brick your phone!

    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Walter Jones@21:1/5 to Ant on Sat May 27 15:43:03 2023
    Ant <[email protected]> wrote

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades
    holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    Each of the three slots is different.

    Depending on the outlet, one slot is often smaller than the other.
    That's for the hot wire.
    The hot wire usually comes directly off the transformer on the power pole. Normally it's black (in a non-three-way switched configuration) in the box.

    The larger slot is for the neutral wire.
    It usually comes directly off the pole transformer centertap.
    Which usually is grounded within a few power poles.
    Normally it's white (in a directly wired configuration) in the box.

    The u-shape hole is for the ground.
    The ground wire goes directly into the ground.
    Usually clamped to a copper stake at the outside cold water pipe.
    Normally it's bare copper wire in the box.

    For most things, reversing the plug on a polarized or non polarized device won't matter in terms of operation or safety - but it could in some cases.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to nospam on Sat May 27 16:09:27 2023
    On 2023-05-27 15:48, nospam wrote:
    In article <%FqcM.3701371$[email protected]>, Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote:

    No, just turn the plug over to match and plug it in, silly.

    Doesn't even need to do that - Apple power adaptors are not polarized.

    the duckheads aren't, however, the power cord is, with a ground pin.

    This is an iphone group. So the common iPhone power adapter cube is
    simply two blades of equal width.

    Likewise the larger USB-C power adaptor block of the iPhone 11. (With
    USB-C to lightning cable of course).

    Jumping the fence:
    iPad duckheads are also 2 blade.

    And one more hop:
    Macbook Air (M1) power supply is two blades, no polarity.

    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From nospam@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Sat May 27 15:48:27 2023
    In article <%FqcM.3701371$[email protected]>, Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote:

    No, just turn the plug over to match and plug it in, silly.

    Doesn't even need to do that - Apple power adaptors are not polarized.

    the duckheads aren't, however, the power cord is, with a ground pin.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Walter Jones@21:1/5 to Alan Browne on Sat May 27 17:09:36 2023
    Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote

    UPC (Unneeded Pedantic Clarification): in a home, the neutral and ground
    are common in the breaker box (main panel) closest to the main breaker
    to assure breaker operation when there is a hot short to ground
    appliance case.

    I understand what you're saying but for people like the OP who won't, we
    should distinguish between the neutral and the ground because the ground
    NEVER carries current (except when there is a momentary fault) while the neutral ALWAYS carries current when a load is plugged into the receptacle.

    So they're quite different.

    To put that in simpler terms for the OP, I would never touch the hot
    (black) wire, and I'd stay away from the neutral (white) wire if I can, but
    I wouldn't have any qualms about touching the ground (bar) wire in the box.

    In "downstream" breaker boxes (sub panels) the neutral should not be
    grounded but pass through back to the first breaker panel. Breaker
    panels have a separate "ground" bonding strip and a "neutral" bonding
    strip for this reason (both insulated from the case). You connect them together only in the first breaker box (main panel). This is to assure
    that the ground is never "floated" to some voltage above ground 0 voltage.

    The neutral at a single phase transformer should be grounded to earth
    whether via the transformer case and ground or neutral to ground connection.

    Still, that doesn't change that the ground is usually connected to the
    ground at the water pipe entrance to the home (or via a long stake).

    The neutral doesn't run into the ground until it gets to at least the transformer (which might not be on the pole directly next to the house).

    For the OP though, the simplest distinction between the neutral (white) and
    the ground (bare) is that the neutral is expected to be carrying current
    while the ground (bare) isn't expected to be carrying any current normally.

    The hot wire (black) is always carrying current (unless it's red).

    The u-shape hole is for the ground.
    The ground wire goes directly into the ground.
    Usually clamped to a copper stake at the outside cold water pipe.
    Normally it's bare copper wire in the box.

    For most things, reversing the plug on a polarized or non polarized device >> won't matter in terms of operation or safety - but it could in some cases.

    Pretty much anything that doesn't have its own power switch can have
    polarity free plugs. But if it has a switch, it's important to isolate
    the hot to the input to the power switch. Thus if there is a mechanical fault somewhere in the appliance and the switch is off, the hot will
    likely not touch a metal part resulting in a shock hazard. Better: 3
    prongs with grounding to the appliance case.

    Even better is GCFI. :->
    But all this is too deep for the OP I would think.

    We have to assume whoever made the appliance gave the OP the right plug.

    For the OP, the two slots are different but if the plug doesn't have
    different sized blades, it usually won't matter how it's plugged in.

    To further simplify the decision for the OP, if the plug does have
    different sized blades (the hot will always be smaller than the neutral),
    or if it has a ground pin, you can't plug it in wrong anyway.

    So you're covered by the manufacturer.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From nospam@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Sat May 27 17:09:15 2023
    In article <XrtcM.588630$[email protected]>, Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote:

    Doesn't even need to do that - Apple power adaptors are not polarized.

    the duckheads aren't, however, the power cord is, with a ground pin.

    This is an iphone group. So the common iPhone power adapter cube is
    simply two blades of equal width.

    some of them are the cube (not really a cube anymore) and some have the removable plug. all of them can be used with iphones, ipads, ipod
    touches and the higher power ones with recent macbooks, as well as
    other products.

    <https://www.apple.com/shop/product/MGN03AM/A/apple-12w-usb-power-adapte


    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to Walter Jones on Sat May 27 16:39:30 2023
    On 2023-05-27 15:43, Walter Jones wrote:
    Ant <[email protected]> wrote

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades
    holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    Each of the three slots is different.

    Depending on the outlet, one slot is often smaller than the other.
    That's for the hot wire.
    The hot wire usually comes directly off the transformer on the power pole. Normally it's black (in a non-three-way switched configuration) in the box.

    The larger slot is for the neutral wire.
    It usually comes directly off the pole transformer centertap.
    Which usually is grounded within a few power poles.
    Normally it's white (in a directly wired configuration) in the box.

    UPC (Unneeded Pedantic Clarification): in a home, the neutral and ground
    are common in the breaker box (main panel) closest to the main breaker
    to assure breaker operation when there is a hot short to ground
    appliance case.

    In "downstream" breaker boxes (sub panels) the neutral should not be
    grounded but pass through back to the first breaker panel. Breaker
    panels have a separate "ground" bonding strip and a "neutral" bonding
    strip for this reason (both insulated from the case). You connect them together only in the first breaker box (main panel). This is to assure
    that the ground is never "floated" to some voltage above ground 0 voltage.

    The neutral at a single phase transformer should be grounded to earth
    whether via the transformer case and ground or neutral to ground connection.

    The u-shape hole is for the ground.
    The ground wire goes directly into the ground.
    Usually clamped to a copper stake at the outside cold water pipe.
    Normally it's bare copper wire in the box.

    For most things, reversing the plug on a polarized or non polarized device won't matter in terms of operation or safety - but it could in some cases.

    Pretty much anything that doesn't have its own power switch can have
    polarity free plugs. But if it has a switch, it's important to isolate
    the hot to the input to the power switch. Thus if there is a mechanical
    fault somewhere in the appliance and the switch is off, the hot will
    likely not touch a metal part resulting in a shock hazard. Better: 3
    prongs with grounding to the appliance case.

    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to Walter Jones on Sat May 27 18:11:17 2023
    On 2023-05-27 17:09, Walter Jones wrote:
    Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote

    UPC (Unneeded Pedantic Clarification): in a home, the neutral and ground
    are common in the breaker box (main panel) closest to the main breaker
    to assure breaker operation when there is a hot short to ground
    appliance case.

    I understand what you're saying but for people like the OP who won't, we should distinguish between the neutral and the ground because the ground NEVER carries current (except when there is a momentary fault) while the neutral ALWAYS carries current when a load is plugged into the receptacle.

    So they're quite different.

    In a balanced load 240V circuit, there isn't even a neutral wire.
    (Think electric water heater where the white and black are opposite
    120's (240VAC). This is a balanced load, so no neutral wire is needed).

    But there is the "unbalanced" load version of this ... below[AAA].

    To put that in simpler terms for the OP, I would never touch the hot
    (black) wire, and I'd stay away from the neutral (white) wire if I can, but
    I wouldn't have any qualms about touching the ground (bar) wire in the box.

    The "apparent" neutral can be quite energized. A light switch
    downstream of a light receptacle: the white is hot on the return from
    the switch. The electrician _should_ wrap black tape around the white
    at each end to mark it as potentially hot (energized) which it is when
    the switch is closed (aka "on").

    And of course, above, in the balanced load 240A case, the white and
    black are both energized.

    In "downstream" breaker boxes (sub panels) the neutral should not be
    grounded but pass through back to the first breaker panel. Breaker
    panels have a separate "ground" bonding strip and a "neutral" bonding
    strip for this reason (both insulated from the case). You connect them
    together only in the first breaker box (main panel). This is to assure
    that the ground is never "floated" to some voltage above ground 0 voltage. >>
    The neutral at a single phase transformer should be grounded to earth
    whether via the transformer case and ground or neutral to ground connection.

    Still, that doesn't change that the ground is usually connected to the
    ground at the water pipe entrance to the home (or via a long stake).

    The neutral doesn't run into the ground until it gets to at least the transformer (which might not be on the pole directly next to the house).

    False. The neutral and ground are tied together in the first breaker
    box in the house. This is code everywhere in North America.

    That they are also connected at the xformer is also required. This is
    more a supply side issue, but part of the safety system tying ground to neutral.
    For the OP though, the simplest distinction between the neutral (white) and the ground (bare) is that the neutral is expected to be carrying current while the ground (bare) isn't expected to be carrying any current normally.

    The hot wire (black) is always carrying current (unless it's red).

    Dangerous things to say. First off don't say "carrying current". Say energized (or hot). 'cause the voltage can be there with 0 current (no
    load).

    Most dangerous: [AAA]
    The red (and black) could both be energized: my kitchen sockets for
    example have a red tied to the hot of the top socket and black to the
    hot of the bottom socket (with the tab between them snipped out. Thus I
    can run a toaster and a kettle from one socket with no issues. (2 x 15A
    @ 120VAC). (Double 15A breaker tied together). The neutral is of
    course common for each socket - and is absolutely required because the
    load is unbalanced - the difference in current goes 'down' the neutral.

    The hot (black) might not be energized if it is downstream of a light
    switch.

    The u-shape hole is for the ground.
    The ground wire goes directly into the ground.
    Usually clamped to a copper stake at the outside cold water pipe.
    Normally it's bare copper wire in the box.

    For most things, reversing the plug on a polarized or non polarized device >>> won't matter in terms of operation or safety - but it could in some cases. >>
    Pretty much anything that doesn't have its own power switch can have
    polarity free plugs. But if it has a switch, it's important to isolate
    the hot to the input to the power switch. Thus if there is a mechanical
    fault somewhere in the appliance and the switch is off, the hot will
    likely not touch a metal part resulting in a shock hazard. Better: 3
    prongs with grounding to the appliance case.

    Even better is GCFI. :->
    But all this is too deep for the OP I would think.

    We have to assume whoever made the appliance gave the OP the right plug.

    For the OP, the two slots are different but if the plug doesn't have different sized blades, it usually won't matter how it's plugged in.

    Exactly.


    To further simplify the decision for the OP, if the plug does have
    different sized blades (the hot will always be smaller than the neutral),
    or if it has a ground pin, you can't plug it in wrong anyway.

    So you're covered by the manufacturer.

    His question was so funny, that all the above is amusing.

    Stay safe, think thrice, measure twice, cut once.


    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Hank Rogers@21:1/5 to Alan Browne on Sat May 27 18:18:16 2023
    Alan Browne wrote:
    His question was so funny, that all the above is amusing.

    Nyuk Nyuk Nyuk.

    I'm waiting for nospam to tell us the real truth.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Jolly Roger@21:1/5 to Alan Browne on Sun May 28 00:41:52 2023
    On 2023-05-27, Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote:
    On 2023-05-27 12:17, Jolly Roger wrote:
    On 2023-05-27, Ant <[email protected]> wrote:

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades
    holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    My client just moved into a new house and most of the sockets are
    upside down. The round hole is at the top and the blade holes at
    the bottom.

    Does my client need to buy special adapters for this? Where can he
    get them? What ones do you recommend?

    No, just turn the plug over to match and plug it in, silly.

    Doesn't even need to do that - Apple power adaptors are not polarized.

    I was thinking of funnier replies (such as dead links to Amazon) but
    you sucked the gas out of the balloon, alas.

    Sorry. At least others jumped in to refill it!.

    --
    E-mail sent to this address may be devoured by my ravenous SPAM filter.
    I often ignore posts from Google. Use a real news client instead.

    JR

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to nospam on Sun May 28 09:14:46 2023
    On 2023-05-27 15:48, nospam wrote:
    In article <%FqcM.3701371$[email protected]>, Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote:

    No, just turn the plug over to match and plug it in, silly.

    Doesn't even need to do that - Apple power adaptors are not polarized.

    the duckheads aren't, however, the power cord is, with a ground pin.

    Which AC power cord for which iPhone model?

    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to Jolly Roger on Sun May 28 09:28:06 2023
    On 2023-05-27 20:41, Jolly Roger wrote:
    On 2023-05-27, Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote:
    On 2023-05-27 12:17, Jolly Roger wrote:
    On 2023-05-27, Ant <[email protected]> wrote:

    In most places in North America, the socket on the wall has two blades >>>> holes at the top, and a round hole at the bottom.

    My client just moved into a new house and most of the sockets are
    upside down. The round hole is at the top and the blade holes at
    the bottom.

    Does my client need to buy special adapters for this? Where can he
    get them? What ones do you recommend?

    No, just turn the plug over to match and plug it in, silly.

    Doesn't even need to do that - Apple power adaptors are not polarized.

    I was thinking of funnier replies (such as dead links to Amazon) but
    you sucked the gas out of the balloon, alas.

    Sorry. At least others jumped in to refill it!.

    De nada.

    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Walter Jones@21:1/5 to Alan Browne on Sun May 28 15:20:08 2023
    Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote

    On 2023-05-27 17:09, Walter Jones wrote:
    Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote

    UPC (Unneeded Pedantic Clarification): in a home, the neutral and ground >>> are common in the breaker box (main panel) closest to the main breaker
    to assure breaker operation when there is a hot short to ground
    appliance case.

    I understand what you're saying but for people like the OP who won't, we
    should distinguish between the neutral and the ground because the ground
    NEVER carries current (except when there is a momentary fault) while the
    neutral ALWAYS carries current when a load is plugged into the receptacle. >>
    So they're quite different.

    In a balanced load 240V circuit, there isn't even a neutral wire.
    (Think electric water heater where the white and black are opposite
    120's (240VAC). This is a balanced load, so no neutral wire is needed).

    You know this better than I do as I only know it from wiring my own outlets
    and switches and incandescent-to-LED ceiling fixture replacements from time
    to time.

    I would have thought a 240V circuit was two hots in a typical two-phase
    home, not one hot & one neutral. But I concede you know it better than me.


    But there is the "unbalanced" load version of this ... below[AAA].

    To put that in simpler terms for the OP, I would never touch the hot
    (black) wire, and I'd stay away from the neutral (white) wire if I can, but >> I wouldn't have any qualms about touching the ground (bar) wire in the box.

    The "apparent" neutral can be quite energized.

    Yes. I know it well. I've had at times had to troubleshoot with a Fluke why there was 80VAC on a neutral in a box I was replacing the switch for. There should be no voltage on an open neutral I think, but it can be there, which
    is how why I contrasted it the way I did for the OP who doesn't know this.

    A light switch
    downstream of a light receptacle: the white is hot on the return from
    the switch. The electrician _should_ wrap black tape around the white
    at each end to mark it as potentially hot (energized) which it is when
    the switch is closed (aka "on").

    I didn't know this. I would try to put a light switch before an outlet (if
    I could) so I wouldn't have expected a switch to be downstream an outlet.

    And of course, above, in the balanced load 240A case, the white and
    black are both energized.

    Your use of "energized" is a better term than mine of "current" as there
    won't be current until you touch it (oh, you'll know if it's energized!).


    In "downstream" breaker boxes (sub panels) the neutral should not be
    grounded but pass through back to the first breaker panel. Breaker
    panels have a separate "ground" bonding strip and a "neutral" bonding
    strip for this reason (both insulated from the case). You connect them
    together only in the first breaker box (main panel). This is to assure
    that the ground is never "floated" to some voltage above ground 0 voltage. >>>
    The neutral at a single phase transformer should be grounded to earth
    whether via the transformer case and ground or neutral to ground connection.

    Still, that doesn't change that the ground is usually connected to the
    ground at the water pipe entrance to the home (or via a long stake).

    The neutral doesn't run into the ground until it gets to at least the
    transformer (which might not be on the pole directly next to the house).

    False. The neutral and ground are tied together in the first breaker
    box in the house. This is code everywhere in North America.

    I looked this up as in my home, the big fat inch or so wide aluminum black-with-yellow-stripe neutral goes to the transformer which happens to
    be on a pole two poles away from my home.

    I don't see any connection at my mains breaker box between the neutral and
    the ground, but Wikipedia says there are three ways to wire such things. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_and_neutral

    "Neutral is usually connected to ground (earth) at the main electrical
    panel, street drop, or meter, and also at the final step-down transformer
    of the supply[citation needed]."

    That says citation needed so it may or may not be correct though.

    That they are also connected at the xformer is also required. This is
    more a supply side issue, but part of the safety system tying ground to neutral.

    I guess that's why I always see a ground wire heading down the pole under a wooden or plastic cove molding into the ground under every transformer
    pole.

    For the OP though, the simplest distinction between the neutral (white) and >> the ground (bare) is that the neutral is expected to be carrying current
    while the ground (bare) isn't expected to be carrying any current normally. >>
    The hot wire (black) is always carrying current (unless it's red).

    Dangerous things to say. First off don't say "carrying current". Say energized (or hot). 'cause the voltage can be there with 0 current (no load).

    Yes. Energized is correct. It will only carry current when you touch it.


    Most dangerous: [AAA]
    The red (and black) could both be energized: my kitchen sockets for
    example have a red tied to the hot of the top socket and black to the
    hot of the bottom socket (with the tab between them snipped out.

    I defer to your knowledge and experience as I've only seen the red wire
    when I was surprised in replacing a switch that turned out to be a three
    way. I hadn't known there was a red until then although sometimes I've seen blue wires in German electrical cords that I had to put new plugs on.

    Thus I
    can run a toaster and a kettle from one socket with no issues. (2 x 15A
    @ 120VAC). (Double 15A breaker tied together). The neutral is of
    course common for each socket - and is absolutely required because the
    load is unbalanced - the difference in current goes 'down' the neutral.

    That difference in current goes down the neutral was the sentiment I was
    trying to convey to the OP that a neutral was like a ground in some ways,
    but in that way it's more like the hot wire than it is like a ground wire.



    The hot (black) might not be energized if it is downstream of a light
    switch.

    Yes. But when the switch is turned on that hot wire will be energized.

    The neutral (we hope) will not but I'm sure you check with the buzzer or
    neon light to be safe, just like I do to check which wires are energized.

    For the OP, the two slots are different but if the plug doesn't have
    different sized blades, it usually won't matter how it's plugged in.

    Exactly.

    I agree that the best answer probably for the OP who isn't responding is
    that a polarized plug fits only one way and if it's not polarized it
    shouldn't matter how you plug it in.



    To further simplify the decision for the OP, if the plug does have
    different sized blades (the hot will always be smaller than the neutral),
    or if it has a ground pin, you can't plug it in wrong anyway.

    So you're covered by the manufacturer.

    His question was so funny, that all the above is amusing.

    I think the question was reasonable for someone who has never wired a
    socket or switch or outlet as they would never have needed to know this.


    Stay safe, think thrice, measure twice, cut once.

    I don't think I've ever met an older man who hasn't wired an outlet or
    switch, but the OP's question indicates that there are people who haven't
    done it. You've obviously thought about it a lot more than I have.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Alan Browne@21:1/5 to Walter Jones on Sun May 28 16:46:52 2023
    On 2023-05-28 15:20, Walter Jones wrote:
    Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote

    On 2023-05-27 17:09, Walter Jones wrote:
    Alan Browne <[email protected]> wrote

    UPC (Unneeded Pedantic Clarification): in a home, the neutral and ground >>>> are common in the breaker box (main panel) closest to the main breaker >>>> to assure breaker operation when there is a hot short to ground
    appliance case.

    I understand what you're saying but for people like the OP who won't, we >>> should distinguish between the neutral and the ground because the ground >>> NEVER carries current (except when there is a momentary fault) while the >>> neutral ALWAYS carries current when a load is plugged into the receptacle. >>>
    So they're quite different.

    In a balanced load 240V circuit, there isn't even a neutral wire.
    (Think electric water heater where the white and black are opposite
    120's (240VAC). This is a balanced load, so no neutral wire is needed).

    You know this better than I do as I only know it from wiring my own outlets and switches and incandescent-to-LED ceiling fixture replacements from time to time.

    I would have thought a 240V circuit was two hots in a typical two-phase
    home, not one hot & one neutral. But I concede you know it better than me.

    I don't even call it 2 phase. Single phase split (as you said) at the transformer centre tap.


    But there is the "unbalanced" load version of this ... below[AAA].

    To put that in simpler terms for the OP, I would never touch the hot
    (black) wire, and I'd stay away from the neutral (white) wire if I can, but >>> I wouldn't have any qualms about touching the ground (bar) wire in the box. >>
    The "apparent" neutral can be quite energized.

    Yes. I know it well. I've had at times had to troubleshoot with a Fluke why there was 80VAC on a neutral in a box I was replacing the switch for. There should be no voltage on an open neutral I think, but it can be there, which is how why I contrasted it the way I did for the OP who doesn't know this.

    A light switch
    downstream of a light receptacle: the white is hot on the return from
    the switch. The electrician _should_ wrap black tape around the white
    at each end to mark it as potentially hot (energized) which it is when
    the switch is closed (aka "on").

    I didn't know this. I would try to put a light switch before an outlet (if
    I could) so I wouldn't have expected a switch to be downstream an outlet.

    It's quite common, actually, but it is a dead end at the switch - you
    can't continue the circuit after that. So you'll see this in small
    rooms like my basement pantry - the line runs to the light and then
    carries on into the crawlspace. A spur off of the light goes to the
    switch for the light. The whites are taped "black".

    And of course, above, in the balanced load 240A case, the white and
    black are both energized.

    Your use of "energized" is a better term than mine of "current" as there won't be current until you touch it (oh, you'll know if it's energized!).

    Exactly. "hot" is a good term too!


    In "downstream" breaker boxes (sub panels) the neutral should not be
    grounded but pass through back to the first breaker panel. Breaker
    panels have a separate "ground" bonding strip and a "neutral" bonding
    strip for this reason (both insulated from the case). You connect them >>>> together only in the first breaker box (main panel). This is to assure >>>> that the ground is never "floated" to some voltage above ground 0 voltage. >>>>
    The neutral at a single phase transformer should be grounded to earth
    whether via the transformer case and ground or neutral to ground connection.

    Still, that doesn't change that the ground is usually connected to the
    ground at the water pipe entrance to the home (or via a long stake).

    The neutral doesn't run into the ground until it gets to at least the
    transformer (which might not be on the pole directly next to the house).

    False. The neutral and ground are tied together in the first breaker
    box in the house. This is code everywhere in North America.

    I looked this up as in my home, the big fat inch or so wide aluminum black-with-yellow-stripe neutral goes to the transformer which happens to
    be on a pole two poles away from my home.

    I don't see any connection at my mains breaker box between the neutral and the ground, but Wikipedia says there are three ways to wire such things. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_and_neutral >
    "Neutral is usually connected to ground (earth) at the main electrical [ this !!! ]
    panel, street drop, or meter, and also at the final step-down transformer
    of the supply[citation needed]."

    That says citation needed so it may or may not be correct though.

    I just found a reason why they might not be visibly grounded at your
    house. The tie between neutral and ground _might_ be in the main
    breaker box or section of the panel. See:

    https://www.circuitsgallery.com/are-neutral-and-ground-wires-together-in-the-main-panel/

    If a panel contains only one bus bar, the ground and neutral bars
    are joined together with a bonding jumper at the service entrance,
    which is the first panel encountered by electricity as it comes in.

    This guy explains it nicely: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XM6rXjv0vc&ab_channel=ElectricianU

    It could be like so in your box, and harder to spot: https://youtu.be/_XM6rXjv0vc?t=506
    I believe that screw would be "in" on a main panel (to join neutral to
    ground) and out to separate them in a sub panel.

    Liability statement:
    I'm not a licensed electrician, however, so do check for your area
    before making any changes.


    That they are also connected at the xformer is also required. This is
    more a supply side issue, but part of the safety system tying ground to
    neutral.

    I guess that's why I always see a ground wire heading down the pole under a wooden or plastic cove molding into the ground under every transformer
    pole.

    Yep.


    For the OP though, the simplest distinction between the neutral (white) and >>> the ground (bare) is that the neutral is expected to be carrying current >>> while the ground (bare) isn't expected to be carrying any current normally. >>>
    The hot wire (black) is always carrying current (unless it's red).

    Dangerous things to say. First off don't say "carrying current". Say
    energized (or hot). 'cause the voltage can be there with 0 current (no
    load).

    Yes. Energized is correct. It will only carry current when you touch it.


    Most dangerous: [AAA]
    The red (and black) could both be energized: my kitchen sockets for
    example have a red tied to the hot of the top socket and black to the
    hot of the bottom socket (with the tab between them snipped out.

    I defer to your knowledge and experience as I've only seen the red wire
    when I was surprised in replacing a switch that turned out to be a three
    way. I hadn't known there was a red until then although sometimes I've seen blue wires in German electrical cords that I had to put new plugs on.

    Most people assume that in a socket or switch box that there will only
    be neutral and hot (120), but there can in some circumstances be both
    sides of the 240 (2 x 120). If one assumes, then, that the "red" is
    switched but from the same side as the black (both are the same 120),
    then spectacular things might happen.



    Thus I
    can run a toaster and a kettle from one socket with no issues. (2 x 15A
    @ 120VAC). (Double 15A breaker tied together). The neutral is of
    course common for each socket - and is absolutely required because the
    load is unbalanced - the difference in current goes 'down' the neutral.

    That difference in current goes down the neutral was the sentiment I was trying to convey to the OP that a neutral was like a ground in some ways,
    but in that way it's more like the hot wire than it is like a ground wire.

    Yep. I simply assume it will hurt if I touch it and so I've only gotten
    zapped a few times so far.




    The hot (black) might not be energized if it is downstream of a light
    switch.

    Yes. But when the switch is turned on that hot wire will be energized.

    The neutral (we hope) will not but I'm sure you check with the buzzer or
    neon light to be safe, just like I do to check which wires are energized.

    For the OP, the two slots are different but if the plug doesn't have
    different sized blades, it usually won't matter how it's plugged in.

    Exactly.

    I agree that the best answer probably for the OP who isn't responding is
    that a polarized plug fits only one way and if it's not polarized it shouldn't matter how you plug it in.

    Yep, Funny he hasn't replied so far.



    To further simplify the decision for the OP, if the plug does have
    different sized blades (the hot will always be smaller than the neutral), >>> or if it has a ground pin, you can't plug it in wrong anyway.

    So you're covered by the manufacturer.

    His question was so funny, that all the above is amusing.

    I think the question was reasonable for someone who has never wired a
    socket or switch or outlet as they would never have needed to know this.

    I thought it was odd/funny. Most people have a cord in their hand and
    see a socket and just jam it in w/o a second thought.



    Stay safe, think thrice, measure twice, cut once.

    I don't think I've ever met an older man who hasn't wired an outlet or switch, but the OP's question indicates that there are people who haven't done it. You've obviously thought about it a lot more than I have.

    As I said, I do go pedantic on these things. I encourage people to do
    things like this (basic wiring) if they can and can take the time to
    understand what should be done and what should never be done. I also
    bought a book on the basics back when I bought this house... plumbing
    too (which I don't like doing at all).

    And as I've done basic projects over the years, I've learned more and
    more. Full disclosure: I only learned that a sub panel should not
    bridge the neutral and ground about a year ago while watching a YouTube
    on the subject.


    --
    “If you torture the data long enough, it will confess to anything."
    -Ronald Coase

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)