• ssh, where do the host come from

    From [email protected]@21:1/5 to All on Fri May 16 17:00:01 2025
    when i type ssh and two tabs i get a list of host
    numeric and names
    where do they come from

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  • From Charles Curley@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri May 16 17:40:01 2025
    On Fri, 16 May 2025 14:56:41 +0000
    [email protected] wrote:

    when i type ssh and two tabs i get a list of host
    numeric and names
    where do they come from


    If I type 'ssh<tab><tab>' I get proposed tab completions of various
    programs, all starting with ssh.

    If I type 'ssh<space><tab><tab>' I get proposed IP addresses and host
    names as arguments to ssh. The seem to be hosts on my local network,
    hosts I have in ~/.ssh/config>, and some I don't recognize.

    All these are provided by bash tab completion, provided bu the package bash-completion, and you may search on that phrase for more
    information.

    --
    Does anybody read signatures any more?

    https://charlescurley.com
    https://charlescurley.com/blog/

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  • From Dan Ritter@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri May 16 17:40:01 2025
    [email protected] wrote:
    when i type ssh and two tabs i get a list of host
    numeric and names
    where do they come from

    Assuming that your shell is bash, it comes from the bash tab
    completion function, which has an optional package:

    bash-completion/stable,now 1:2.11-6 all
    programmable completion for the bash shell

    and many packages add such completions to that, if available.


    Read up on how it works in `man bash` under the title
    Programmable Completion.

    -dsr-

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  • From Chris Green@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri May 16 18:00:01 2025
    [email protected] wrote:
    when i type ssh and two tabs i get a list of host
    numeric and names
    where do they come from

    Assuming you are using bash (or another shell that does TAB
    completion) I think it's probably just a list of file and directory
    names in the current directory.

    Try doing the same in a different directory.

    --
    Chris Green
    ·

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  • From basti@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri May 16 18:00:01 2025
    Hello,
    first of all they come from ~/.ssh/config and there includes, if there.
    Or they come from /etc/hosts.

    Best Regards,
    On 16.05.25 16:56, [email protected] wrote:
    when i type ssh and two tabs i get a list of host
    numeric and names
    where do they come from


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  • From [email protected]@21:1/5 to Charles Curley on Fri May 16 18:20:01 2025
    On Fri, 16 May 2025, Charles Curley wrote:

    On Fri, 16 May 2025 14:56:41 +0000
    [email protected] wrote:

    when i type ssh and two tabs i get a list of host
    numeric and names
    where do they come from


    If I type 'ssh<tab><tab>' I get proposed tab completions of various
    programs, all starting with ssh.

    If I type 'ssh<space><tab><tab>' I get proposed IP addresses and host
    names as arguments to ssh. The seem to be hosts on my local network,
    hosts I have in ~/.ssh/config>, and some I don't recognize.

    and i also see it looks in ~/.ssh/known_hosts
    i also have several i don't recognize

    as an aside
    in known_hosts there are many key fingerprints with no host identification
    is there a way to identify what host the fingerprint is for

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  • From [email protected]@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri May 16 20:00:01 2025
    On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 04:09:10PM +0000, [email protected] wrote:

    [...]

    as an aside
    in known_hosts there are many key fingerprints with no host identification
    is there a way to identify what host the fingerprint is for

    The file format is described in man 8 sshd.

    Those with "no host identification" most probably just have a hashed host
    name: the idea is that an attacker who gets access to your user account
    doesn't get a neat list of which hosts to try next.

    There is an (sshd, I think) option to change that.

    Cheers
    --
    t

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  • From [email protected]@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri May 16 20:40:02 2025
    On Fri, 16 May 2025, [email protected] wrote:

    On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 04:09:10PM +0000, [email protected] wrote:

    [...]

    as an aside
    in known_hosts there are many key fingerprints with no host identification >> is there a way to identify what host the fingerprint is for

    The file format is described in man 8 sshd.

    Those with "no host identification" most probably just have a hashed host name: the idea is that an attacker who gets access to your user account doesn't get a neat list of which hosts to try next.

    There is an (sshd, I think) option to change that.

    i see

    Alternately, hostnames may be stored in a hashed form which hides host names and addresses should the file's contents be disclosed. Hashed hostnames start with a ‘|’ character. Only one hashed hostname may appear on a single line and none of the
    above negation or wildcard operators may be applied.

    i don't see how to change it

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  • From Greg Wooledge@21:1/5 to Chris Green on Fri May 16 21:00:01 2025
    On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 16:39:15 +0100, Chris Green wrote:
    [email protected] wrote:
    when i type ssh and two tabs i get a list of host
    numeric and names
    where do they come from

    Assuming you are using bash (or another shell that does TAB
    completion) I think it's probably just a list of file and directory
    names in the current directory.

    Try doing the same in a different directory.

    No, it's almost certainly programmable completion from the bash-completion package. It's installed and used by default in Debian. (Some of us
    disable or remove it. I don't care for it, personally. Too flaky.)

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  • From [email protected]@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri May 16 21:00:01 2025
    On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 06:32:16PM +0000, [email protected] wrote:
    On Fri, 16 May 2025, [email protected] wrote:

    [...]

    There is an (sshd, I think) option to change that.

    i see

    Alternately, hostnames may be stored in a hashed form which hides host names and addresses should the file's contents be disclosed. Hashed hostnames start with a ‘|’ character. Only one hashed hostname may appear on a single line and none of the
    above negation or wildcard operators may be applied.

    i don't see how to change it

    Ah, no,, sorry. I lied to you, it's in the ssh_config (/etc/ssh/ssh_config). Here's the extract from man ssh_config:

    HashKnownHosts
    Indicates that ssh(1) should hash host names and ad‐
    dresses when they are added to ~/.ssh/known_hosts.
    These hashed names may be used normally by ssh(1) and
    sshd(8), but they do not visually reveal identifying
    information if the file's contents are disclosed.
    The default is no. Note that existing names and ad‐
    dresses in known hosts files will not be converted
    automatically, but may be manually hashed using
    ssh-keygen(1). Use of this option may break facili‐
    ties such as tab-completion that rely on being able
    to read unhashed host names from ~/.ssh/known_hosts.

    ...and the default in Debian is:

    tomas@caliban:~$ grep -i hash /etc/ssh/ssh_config
    HashKnownHosts yes

    ...so there you are :)

    Cheers
    --
    t

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  • From [email protected]@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri May 16 23:10:01 2025
    On Fri, 16 May 2025, [email protected] wrote:

    On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 06:32:16PM +0000, [email protected] wrote:
    On Fri, 16 May 2025, [email protected] wrote:

    [...]

    There is an (sshd, I think) option to change that.

    i see

    Alternately, hostnames may be stored in a hashed form which hides host names and addresses should the file's contents be disclosed. Hashed hostnames start with a ‘|’ character. Only one hashed hostname may appear on a single line and none of the
    above negation or wildcard operators may be applied.

    i don't see how to change it

    Ah, no,, sorry. I lied to you, it's in the ssh_config (/etc/ssh/ssh_config). Here's the extract from man ssh_config:

    HashKnownHosts
    Indicates that ssh(1) should hash host names and ad‐
    dresses when they are added to ~/.ssh/known_hosts.
    These hashed names may be used normally by ssh(1) and
    sshd(8), but they do not visually reveal identifying
    information if the file's contents are disclosed.
    The default is no. Note that existing names and ad‐
    dresses in known hosts files will not be converted
    automatically, but may be manually hashed using
    ssh-keygen(1). Use of this option may break facili‐
    ties such as tab-completion that rely on being able
    to read unhashed host names from ~/.ssh/known_hosts.

    ...and the default in Debian is:

    tomas@caliban:~$ grep -i hash /etc/ssh/ssh_config
    HashKnownHosts yes

    ...so there you are :)


    thanks
    i understand the no host hash in an industrial setting
    but in a home network it seems unnecessary

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  • From [email protected]@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Sat May 17 06:50:01 2025
    On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 09:02:03PM +0000, [email protected] wrote:
    On Fri, 16 May 2025, [email protected] wrote:

    [...]

    thanks

    You are welcome :-)

    i understand the no host hash in an industrial setting
    but in a home network it seems unnecessary

    Well -- there are mixed cases. In my case, my laptop is
    my laptop. I use it to log in into many a customer's box
    and fix things.

    Of course, the harddisk is encrypted, but if someone finds
    an exploit while my box is running, I'd like them to find
    as little help as possible to hack my customers.

    If you watch how exploits usually go, you'll see that many
    move from one weakness to the next, until reaching their goal.

    That's why the concept of "defense in depth" [1] makes sense
    in our context.

    Cheers

    [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_in_depth_(computing)
    --
    tomás

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  • From Henrik Ahlgren@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Sat May 17 15:40:01 2025
    [email protected] writes:

    and i also see it looks in ~/.ssh/known_hosts
    i also have several i don't recognize

    You are probably wondering about the default IPv6 entries in /etc/hosts

    ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
    ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
    ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

    Of course, it is somewhat dumb that those are included in the
    completion, as you cannot SSH to those link-local multicast addresses,
    and it is quite rare to SSH into localhost.

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  • From Greg Wooledge@21:1/5 to Henrik Ahlgren on Sat May 17 16:00:01 2025
    On Sat, May 17, 2025 at 16:37:07 +0300, Henrik Ahlgren wrote:
    and it is quite rare to SSH into localhost.

    It's not something I do on a daily basis, but I've done it several
    times, because it's an excellent way to test various things, such as
    changes to your dot files, sshd configuration, PAM configuration, and
    so on.

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  • From David Wright@21:1/5 to Greg Wooledge on Sun May 18 06:10:01 2025
    On Fri 16 May 2025 at 14:57:15 (-0400), Greg Wooledge wrote:
    On Fri, May 16, 2025 at 16:39:15 +0100, Chris Green wrote:
    [email protected] wrote:
    when i type ssh and two tabs i get a list of host
    numeric and names
    where do they come from

    Assuming you are using bash (or another shell that does TAB
    completion) I think it's probably just a list of file and directory
    names in the current directory.

    Try doing the same in a different directory.

    No, it's almost certainly programmable completion from the bash-completion package.

    Yes, it is bash-completion. It's a minor inconvenience when you have
    a very large number of hosts defined:

    $ ssh
    Display all 13590 possibilities? (y or n)

    and use ssh or scp for file transfer on the LAN.

    It's installed and used by default in Debian.

    It may be installed, but I've always had to use:

    [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && . /etc/bash_completion # Use bash-completion if available

    in order for it to work:

    $ grep -A8 'bash completion' /etc/bash.bashrc
    # enable bash completion in interactive shells
    #if ! shopt -oq posix; then
    # if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    # . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
    # elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    # . /etc/bash_completion
    # fi
    #fi

    $

    Cheers,
    David.

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  • From Greg Wooledge@21:1/5 to David Wright on Sun May 18 15:30:01 2025
    On Sat, May 17, 2025 at 23:09:18 -0500, David Wright wrote:
    It may be installed, but I've always had to use:

    [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && . /etc/bash_completion # Use bash-completion if available

    in order for it to work:

    $ grep -A8 'bash completion' /etc/bash.bashrc
    # enable bash completion in interactive shells
    #if ! shopt -oq posix; then
    # if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    # . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
    # elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    # . /etc/bash_completion
    # fi
    #fi

    $

    Take a look at /etc/skel/.bashrc as well. You and I are not using
    the Debian default .bashrc file, obviously.

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  • From COMCAST@21:1/5 to All on Sun May 18 16:10:02 2025
    What file does in Linux use to the store network address in?

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  • From [email protected]@21:1/5 to COMCAST on Sun May 18 16:20:01 2025
    On Sun, May 18, 2025 at 09:42:45AM -0400, COMCAST wrote:
    What file does in Linux use to the store network address in?

    Whose network address? And: what do you mean by "store"?

    Could you please explain what you are trying to do?

    Cheers
    --
    t

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  • From Felix Miata@21:1/5 to All on Sun May 18 17:20:01 2025
    COMCAST composed on 2025-05-18 09:42 (UTC-0400):

    What file does in Linux use to the store network address in?

    That depends on context. e.g. local ethernet port may be configured via ifupdown,
    or Network Manager, or systemd-network, and you may be using DHCP to determine its
    IP, or set it up statically. What context does your question apply to?
    --
    Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
    based on faith, not based on science.

    Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

    Felix Miata

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  • From Greg Wooledge@21:1/5 to Nicholas Geovanis on Sun May 18 18:10:02 2025
    On Sun, May 18, 2025 at 10:35:37 -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
    If you mean "what file contains the IP address and hostname of my own server?": It depends whether you use NetworkManager to configure networking or the older style.

    In the older style the config file goes in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
    and contains the NIC name as part of the filename. With NetworkManager the file has a different format and name and goes in /etc/NetworkManager/connection-scripts.
    There are command-line tools to configure NetworkManager-style like nmtui
    and nmcli if you reject GUIs ;-) You may need to install one of them if not already.

    You're thinking of Red Hat, perhaps. Or some other non-Debian distribution.

    Debian doesn't use /etc/sysconfig/. The standard method of configuring interfaces in Debian uses the ifupdown package, and its configuration
    files are in /etc/network/. Specifically, see "man 5 interfaces" for
    details of the /etc/network/interfaces file, or files placed in the /etc/network/interfaces.d/ subdirectory.

    Debian also offers Network Manager, which presumably works the same as it
    does in your other distributions.

    Debian also offers systemd-networkd(8) as a third option.

    Any given Debian system may use any one of these means of configuring
    network interfaces. A system may also use a combination of them; for
    example, it's not uncommon to configure the loopback interface in /etc/network/interfaces, but to configure the wireless interface in NM.
    Or, one may use systemd.link(5) files to configure the names of the
    interfaces, and then use /etc/network/interfaces to configure their IP addresses.

    Lots of options are available, to suit the needs of Debian's extremely
    wide and diverse user base.

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  • From COMCAST@21:1/5 to Nicholas Geovanis on Mon May 19 20:40:02 2025
    Close bu no cooky. My install of Debian docent even have those files.

    On 5/18/25 11:35, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
    On Sun, May 18, 2025, 9:16 AM <[email protected]> wrote:

    On Sun, May 18, 2025 at 09:42:45AM -0400, COMCAST wrote:
    What file does in Linux use to the store network address in?
    If you mean "what file contains the IP address and hostname of my own server?": It depends whether you use NetworkManager to configure networking or the older style.

    In the older style the config file goes in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
    and contains the NIC name as part of the filename. With NetworkManager the file has a different format and name and goes in /etc/NetworkManager/connection-scripts.
    There are command-line tools to configure NetworkManager-style like nmtui
    and nmcli if you reject GUIs ;-) You may need to install one of them if not already.

    Whose network address? And: what do you mean by "store"?
    Could you please explain what you are trying to do?

    Cheers
    --
    t


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  • From David Christensen@21:1/5 to COMCAST on Tue May 20 02:00:01 2025
    Please use interleaved posting style rather than top-posting style:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style


    On 5/18/25 06:42, COMCAST wrote:
    What file does in Linux use to the store network address in?


    On 5/19/25 11:11, COMCAST wrote:
    Close bu no cooky. My install of Debian docent even have those files.


    Please proofread your posts and use the spell checker in your mail client.


    Your posts indicate that you are experiencing the X-Y Problem:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Y_problem


    Computers, networks, Unix, Linux, and Debian are vast subjects. It is difficult to know where to start. I found "Learning the Unix Operating
    System" to be useful. I suggest that you buy and read it now:

    https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/learning-the-unix/0596002610/


    It appears that you also administer your computer. "UNIX and Linux
    System Administration Handbook" is useful. I recommend that you make it
    a long-term goal:

    https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/unix-and-linux/9780134278308/


    When posting to a mailing list, the Subject line is crucial. Yours is ambiguous. "Debian network settings" would have been better.


    It is best to begin your post by providing context -- the make and model
    of your computer, what processor it has, how much memory it has, the
    sizes and types of storage devices it has, what operating system(s) are installed on it, the location(s) where the computer is used, the
    network(s) it connects to, and the purposes for which the computer is used.


    Then state your question. Provide relevant information. State what
    research you have done and what you found.


    The English language is ambiguous. Terminal sessions are unambiguous.
    Use the terminal and commands when possible to provide information in
    your posts. For example, to identify your Debian installation:

    2025-05-19 14:52:58 dpchrist@laalaa ~
    $ cat /etc/debian_version ; uname -a
    11.11
    Linux laalaa 5.10.0-34-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.234-1 (2025-02-24)
    x86_64 GNU/Linux


    When responding to a reply, cite and include the relevant portion, and
    then place your response immediately afterwards. For example:


    On 5/18/25 08:35, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
    In the older style the config file goes in
    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts and contains the NIC name as part of
    the filename. With NetworkManager the file has a different format and
    name and goes in /etc/NetworkManager/connection-scripts.


    Those files do not exist on my computer:

    2025-05-19 15:38:42 dpchrist@laalaa ~
    $ ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
    ls: cannot access '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts': No such file or
    directory

    2025-05-19 15:41:40 dpchrist@laalaa ~
    $ ls /etc/NetworkManager/connection-scripts
    ls: cannot access '/etc/NetworkManager/connection-scripts': No such file
    or directory


    Please respond to the replies that others give. If you do not
    understand a comment, question, or suggestion, or know the command(s) to
    do so, state that and ask for clarification.


    David

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  • From COMCAST@21:1/5 to David Christensen on Tue May 20 18:30:02 2025
    That's a lot of drivel... or are you just wishing to see what you can
    publish?

    On 5/19/25 19:53, David Christensen wrote:
    Please use interleaved posting style rather than top-posting style:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style


    On 5/18/25 06:42, COMCAST wrote:
    What file does in Linux use to the store network address in?


    On 5/19/25 11:11, COMCAST wrote:
    Close bu no cooky. My install of Debian docent even have those files.


    Please proofread your posts and use the spell checker in your mail
    client.


    Your posts indicate that you are experiencing the X-Y Problem:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Y_problem


    Computers, networks, Unix, Linux, and Debian are vast subjects. It is difficult to know where to start.  I found "Learning the Unix
    Operating System" to be useful.  I suggest that you buy and read it now:

    https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/learning-the-unix/0596002610/


    It appears that you also administer your computer.  "UNIX and Linux
    System Administration Handbook" is useful.  I recommend that you make
    it a long-term goal:

    https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/unix-and-linux/9780134278308/


    When posting to a mailing list, the Subject line is crucial. Yours is ambiguous.  "Debian network settings" would have been better.


    It is best to begin your post by providing context -- the make and
    model of your computer, what processor it has, how much memory it has,
    the sizes and types of storage devices it has, what operating
    system(s) are installed on it, the location(s) where the computer is
    used, the network(s) it connects to, and the purposes for which the
    computer is used.


    Then state your question.  Provide relevant information.  State what research you have done and what you found.


    The English language is ambiguous.  Terminal sessions are unambiguous.
    Use the terminal and commands when possible to provide information in
    your posts.  For example, to identify your Debian installation:

    2025-05-19 14:52:58 dpchrist@laalaa ~
    $ cat /etc/debian_version ; uname -a
    11.11
    Linux laalaa 5.10.0-34-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.234-1 (2025-02-24)
    x86_64 GNU/Linux


    When responding to a reply, cite and include the relevant portion, and
    then place your response immediately afterwards.  For example:


    On 5/18/25 08:35, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
    In the older style the config file goes in
    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts and contains the NIC name as part of
    the filename. With NetworkManager the file has a different format and
    name and goes in /etc/NetworkManager/connection-scripts.


    Those files do not exist on my computer:

    2025-05-19 15:38:42 dpchrist@laalaa ~
    $ ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
    ls: cannot access '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts': No such file or
    directory

    2025-05-19 15:41:40 dpchrist@laalaa ~
    $ ls /etc/NetworkManager/connection-scripts
    ls: cannot access '/etc/NetworkManager/connection-scripts': No such
    file or directory


    Please respond to the replies that others give.  If you do not
    understand a comment, question, or suggestion, or know the command(s)
    to do so, state that and ask for clarification.


    David


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  • From Joe@21:1/5 to COMCAST on Tue May 20 18:50:01 2025
    On Tue, 20 May 2025 12:04:16 -0400
    COMCAST <[email protected]> wrote:

    That's a lot of drivel... or are you just wishing to see what you can publish?


    You're asking a technical question about networking without specifying
    what software you are using for networking. How well do you expect that
    to work?

    Linux isn't a monoculture like Windows.

    --
    Joe

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  • From Charles Curley@21:1/5 to COMCAST on Tue May 20 19:10:01 2025
    On Tue, 20 May 2025 12:04:16 -0400
    COMCAST <[email protected]> wrote:

    That's a lot of drivel... or are you just wishing to see what you can publish?

    It's rather good advice, even if it is a bit much and unsolicited. I'll
    add to it: insulting people does not endear you to them.

    We're all volunteers here, and when you ask a question you are asking
    for our time and knowledge. It behooves you to do so in a manner that
    minimizes the work we must do to answer your query.

    --
    Does anybody read signatures any more?

    https://charlescurley.com
    https://charlescurley.com/blog/

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  • From [email protected]@21:1/5 to COMCAST on Tue May 20 22:10:01 2025
    On Tue, May 20, 2025 at 12:04:16PM -0400, COMCAST wrote:
    That's a lot of drivel... or are you just wishing to see what you can publish?

    If this is your reaction, I'll spare you my drivel, too. You won't
    hear from me further, promised.

    Cheers
    --
    t

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  • From Nicolas George@21:1/5 to All on Thu May 22 19:40:01 2025
    Greg (HE12025-05-22):
    When posting to a mailing list, the Subject line is crucial. Yours is
    No, it is not,

    Yes it is.

    and it should not contain essential information because

    It definitely should contain all the information essential for deciding
    if the mail is worth reading.

    hardly anyone ever gives it more than a rapid glance.

    You have taken good advice and completely misunderstood it.

    The advice is: essential information should never be *only* in the
    subject.

    I emphasized the word only because it is the bit you missed that makes
    your message completely wrong.

    Regards,

    --
    Nicolas George

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  • From Andy Smith@21:1/5 to Greg on Fri May 23 01:10:01 2025
    Hi,

    On Thu, May 22, 2025 at 04:39:56PM -0000, Greg wrote:
    On 2025-05-19, David Christensen <[email protected]> wrote:
    When posting to a mailing list, the Subject line is crucial. Yours is

    No, it is not, and it should not contain essential information because
    hardly anyone ever gives it more than a rapid glance.

    I am in agreement with David on this one. OP's subject line was
    particularly bad.

    Thanks,
    Andy

    --
    https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

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  • From COMCAST@21:1/5 to All on Sun May 25 23:50:01 2025
    /var/lib/NetworkManager/internal-05c32b5f-6a7e-4b7b-a858-a19fd3d6a5a3-wlo1.lease
    /var/lib/NetworkManager/internal-4eb92ca8-bc1c-3546-9ba9-cfd0dc4fda00-enp0s25.lease

    These are the two files I was looking for. I found them quite by
    accident. I hope you will find them useful.

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