• Linux PC Acting Up? How To Check For Bad Blocks On A Hard Drive - Befor

    From Lawrence D'Oliveiro@21:1/5 to All on Thu Jul 31 00:26:08 2025
    This article <https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-pc-acting-up-how-to-check-for-bad-blocks-on-a-hard-drive-before-its-too-late/>
    is, I would say, more of a starting point for thinking about the
    issue, rather than the final word on what to do.

    I used to use the badblocks utility a lot, too. However, the last I
    checked, it had limitations on the size of disks it could cope with --
    a 12-terabyte drive was beyond its capabilities. So I had to write my
    own disk-scanning utility <https://gitlab.com/ldo/scan_disks/>. (I
    don’t bother much with SMART -- I think it’s mostly a waste of time.)

    Frankly, I would not like to continue using a disk that had bad blocks
    on it. I did sort-of try that once -- I had a 3-terabyte drive that
    developed errors within the warranty period. Before taking it back to
    the shop, I wrote zeroes over the whole drive, and as a result of
    that, the bad blocks disappeared. And the shop couldn’t find anything
    wrong with it, so they refused a warranty return.

    That drive did last a few more years in my backup machine, before
    developing more bad sectors, after which I retired it.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From c186282@21:1/5 to Lawrence D'Oliveiro on Wed Jul 30 23:02:27 2025
    On 7/30/25 8:26 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    This article <https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-pc-acting-up-how-to-check-for-bad-blocks-on-a-hard-drive-before-its-too-late/>
    is, I would say, more of a starting point for thinking about the
    issue, rather than the final word on what to do.

    I used to use the badblocks utility a lot, too. However, the last I
    checked, it had limitations on the size of disks it could cope with --
    a 12-terabyte drive was beyond its capabilities. So I had to write my
    own disk-scanning utility <https://gitlab.com/ldo/scan_disks/>. (I
    don’t bother much with SMART -- I think it’s mostly a waste of time.)

    Frankly, I would not like to continue using a disk that had bad blocks
    on it. I did sort-of try that once -- I had a 3-terabyte drive that
    developed errors within the warranty period. Before taking it back to
    the shop, I wrote zeroes over the whole drive, and as a result of
    that, the bad blocks disappeared. And the shop couldn’t find anything
    wrong with it, so they refused a warranty return.

    That drive did last a few more years in my backup machine, before
    developing more bad sectors, after which I retired it.

    I don't have a good answer for you. A lot of the
    old Linux disk-check utilities were writ in the
    Bad Old Days of sub-terabyte, maybe sub-gigabyte,
    HDDs. If you can still get them, they're mostly
    just useless now.

    Choices are re-writing/re-compiling them ... no minor
    task ... or kinda writing your own from scratch.

    Figuring out how some programmer from decades ago
    was thinking can be just *horrible* - and not too
    many added good notes to the source code.

    A few years ago I wrote a whole-disk reader in 'C'.
    (also a Pascal/Delphi version but it CALLED some of
    the 'C' stuff). Had to deal with BIG offsets ... which
    meant 64/128 bit math types and less-known variants
    of 'seek()' and related. I did make it work. Kinda
    looked like a nice 'ghex'-ish display.

    Thing is, you COULD expand on that to do read/write
    probes of any sectors. How many patterns you think
    you need to try on each sector - up to you.

    In short it CAN be done - but by YOU. 1990 utilities
    aren't gonna cut it.

    Best compromise - the built-in capabilities in most
    SATA/related drives. "S.M.A.R.T./smartctl" can do
    this - but expect it to take 24 hours on large disks.
    Just install the 'smartmontools' pkg. I *think* Gnome
    has a GUI for them.

    Dunno if 'badblocks' can do huge disks.

    FIXING/relocating bad blocks ... a whole new challenge !

    Some stuff just ain't so easy.

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  • From Carlos E.R.@21:1/5 to Lawrence D'Oliveiro on Thu Jul 31 15:21:19 2025
    On 2025-07-31 02:26, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    This article <https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-pc-acting-up-how-to-check-for-bad-blocks-on-a-hard-drive-before-its-too-late/>
    is, I would say, more of a starting point for thinking about the
    issue, rather than the final word on what to do.

    I used to use the badblocks utility a lot, too. However, the last I
    checked, it had limitations on the size of disks it could cope with --
    a 12-terabyte drive was beyond its capabilities. So I had to write my
    own disk-scanning utility <https://gitlab.com/ldo/scan_disks/>. (I
    don’t bother much with SMART -- I think it’s mostly a waste of time.)

    Frankly, I would not like to continue using a disk that had bad blocks
    on it. I did sort-of try that once -- I had a 3-terabyte drive that
    developed errors within the warranty period. Before taking it back to
    the shop, I wrote zeroes over the whole drive, and as a result of
    that, the bad blocks disappeared. And the shop couldn’t find anything
    wrong with it, so they refused a warranty return.

    This is one of the SMART features.
    Even showing the bad blocks is not enough to get a refund/return.


    That drive did last a few more years in my backup machine, before
    developing more bad sectors, after which I retired it.

    I have a dead Seagate 3TB disk, lost all the data inside.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From The Natural Philosopher@21:1/5 to Carlos E.R. on Thu Jul 31 14:39:33 2025
    On 31/07/2025 14:21, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-07-31 02:26, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    This article
    <https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-pc-acting-up-how-to-check-for-bad-blocks-on-a-hard-drive-before-its-too-late/>
    is, I would say, more of a starting point for thinking about the
    issue, rather than the final word on what to do.

    I used to use the badblocks utility a lot, too. However, the last I
    checked, it had limitations on the size of disks it could cope with --
    a 12-terabyte drive was beyond its capabilities. So I had to write my
    own disk-scanning utility <https://gitlab.com/ldo/scan_disks/>. (I
    don’t bother much with SMART -- I think it’s mostly a waste of time.)

    Frankly, I would not like to continue using a disk that had bad blocks
    on it. I did sort-of try that once -- I had a 3-terabyte drive that
    developed errors within the warranty period. Before taking it back to
    the shop, I wrote zeroes over the whole drive, and as a result of
    that, the bad blocks disappeared. And the shop couldn’t find anything
    wrong with it, so they refused a warranty return.

    This is one of the SMART features.
    Even showing the bad blocks is not enough to get a refund/return.

    I got a replacement SSD under SMART info - the vendor checked it and
    said 'yup. that's fucked' and gave me another one.
    We are good friends



    That drive did last a few more years in my backup machine, before
    developing more bad sectors, after which I retired it.

    I have a dead Seagate 3TB disk, lost all the data inside.

    If something other than a sector goes bad you are in real trouble.
    We did manage to swap circuit boards on a drive once and get the data off it


    --
    Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as
    foolish, and by the rulers as useful.

    (Seneca the Younger, 65 AD)

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  • From Lawrence D'Oliveiro@21:1/5 to Carlos E.R. on Fri Aug 1 01:08:30 2025
    On Thu, 31 Jul 2025 15:21:19 +0200, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    I have a dead Seagate 3TB disk, lost all the data inside.

    This is why I have a backup machine.

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  • From Marc Haber@21:1/5 to Carlos E.R. on Fri Aug 1 10:05:08 2025
    "Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote:
    I have a dead Seagate 3TB disk, lost all the data inside.

    Probably a decade old?

    Greetings
    Marc
    --
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marc Haber | " Questions are the | Mailadresse im Header Rhein-Neckar, DE | Beginning of Wisdom " |
    Nordisch by Nature | Lt. Worf, TNG "Rightful Heir" | Fon: *49 6224 1600402

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  • From Carlos E.R.@21:1/5 to Lawrence D'Oliveiro on Fri Aug 1 14:03:50 2025
    On 2025-08-01 03:08, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    On Thu, 31 Jul 2025 15:21:19 +0200, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    I have a dead Seagate 3TB disk, lost all the data inside.

    This is why I have a backup machine.

    Yes, I do, but the files there were not that important (movies), and I
    had no space for them. 3TB was my biggest disk at the time.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Carlos E.R.@21:1/5 to Marc Haber on Fri Aug 1 14:04:28 2025
    On 2025-08-01 10:05, Marc Haber wrote:
    "Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote:
    I have a dead Seagate 3TB disk, lost all the data inside.

    Probably a decade old?

    Probably. I think that model was infamous.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Marc Haber@21:1/5 to Carlos E.R. on Fri Aug 1 14:31:54 2025
    "Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote:
    On 2025-08-01 10:05, Marc Haber wrote:
    "Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote:
    I have a dead Seagate 3TB disk, lost all the data inside.

    Probably a decade old?

    Probably. I think that model was infamous.

    I apologize. I thought that we were talking about practical relevant
    cases.

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    --
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marc Haber | " Questions are the | Mailadresse im Header Rhein-Neckar, DE | Beginning of Wisdom " |
    Nordisch by Nature | Lt. Worf, TNG "Rightful Heir" | Fon: *49 6224 1600402

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Carlos E.R.@21:1/5 to Marc Haber on Fri Aug 1 14:40:15 2025
    On 2025-08-01 14:31, Marc Haber wrote:
    "Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote:
    On 2025-08-01 10:05, Marc Haber wrote:
    "Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote:
    I have a dead Seagate 3TB disk, lost all the data inside.

    Probably a decade old?

    Probably. I think that model was infamous.

    I apologize. I thought that we were talking about practical relevant
    cases.

    I think that Seagate model had many disk failing early. Defective model.
    But as mine was working fine, I continued using it, till one day it
    failed completely. Probably a pcb replacement would work, but that's not something I can do.


    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.



    --
    Cheers, Carlos.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Marc Haber@21:1/5 to Carlos E.R. on Fri Aug 1 18:16:24 2025
    "Carlos E.R." <[email protected]d> wrote:
    I think that Seagate model had many disk failing early. Defective model.
    But as mine was working fine, I continued using it, till one day it
    failed completely. Probably a pcb replacement would work, but that's not >something I can do.

    No backup, no mercy.

    Greetings
    Marc
    --
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marc Haber | " Questions are the | Mailadresse im Header Rhein-Neckar, DE | Beginning of Wisdom " |
    Nordisch by Nature | Lt. Worf, TNG "Rightful Heir" | Fon: *49 6224 1600402

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From =?UTF-8?Q?St=C3=A9phane?= CARPENTIE@21:1/5 to All on Fri Aug 1 19:29:45 2025
    Le 01-08-2025, Marc Haber <[email protected]> a écrit :

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    When a backup is never tested, it's called a Schrödinger's backup.

    --
    Si vous avez du temps à perdre :
    https://scarpet42.gitlab.io

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Lawrence D'Oliveiro@21:1/5 to Marc Haber on Fri Aug 1 23:55:31 2025
    On Fri, 01 Aug 2025 14:31:54 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    My backups are done with rsync, or script wrappers around rsync. They are effectively mirror filesystems, not in any special “backup” format. These are the easiest to verify, and restoration can be done with the same file- manipulation commands I use every day.

    In particular, that means that, in a moment of crisis (which is what
    happens when you find you’ve lost data), I am doing the restoration using familiar commands with which I am (hopefully) less likely to make
    mistakes.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Carlos E.R.@21:1/5 to Lawrence D'Oliveiro on Sat Aug 2 03:39:19 2025
    On 2025-08-02 01:55, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    On Fri, 01 Aug 2025 14:31:54 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    My backups are done with rsync, or script wrappers around rsync. They are effectively mirror filesystems, not in any special “backup” format. These are the easiest to verify, and restoration can be done with the same file- manipulation commands I use every day.

    In particular, that means that, in a moment of crisis (which is what
    happens when you find you’ve lost data), I am doing the restoration using familiar commands with which I am (hopefully) less likely to make
    mistakes.

    Once an rsync backup deleted the original.

    I was using the --delete parameter, which is intended to delete files
    that are gone from the source, and delete them in the destination (when
    you overwrite a backup). Unfortunately, the paths were messed up, and it deleted the files on the source of another different backup.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Lawrence D'Oliveiro@21:1/5 to Carlos E.R. on Sat Aug 2 03:24:33 2025
    On Sat, 2 Aug 2025 03:39:19 +0200, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    Once an rsync backup deleted the original.

    I was using the --delete parameter, which is intended to delete files
    that are gone from the source, and delete them in the destination (when
    you overwrite a backup). Unfortunately, the paths were messed up, and it deleted the files on the source of another different backup.

    A computer is a powerful tool. It will do exactly what you tell it to do,
    no more, no less.

    Try --delete-after, which postpones all the deletions until after the new
    and updated files have been successfully copied -- and which doesn’t do
    any deletions at all, if there were errors in those copies.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From c186282@21:1/5 to Lawrence D'Oliveiro on Sat Aug 2 02:04:20 2025
    On 8/1/25 11:24 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    On Sat, 2 Aug 2025 03:39:19 +0200, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    Once an rsync backup deleted the original.

    I was using the --delete parameter, which is intended to delete files
    that are gone from the source, and delete them in the destination (when
    you overwrite a backup). Unfortunately, the paths were messed up, and it
    deleted the files on the source of another different backup.

    A computer is a powerful tool. It will do exactly what you tell it to do,
    no more, no less.

    Try --delete-after, which postpones all the deletions until after the new
    and updated files have been successfully copied -- and which doesn’t do
    any deletions at all, if there were errors in those copies.

    I had a similar gross fault with "-delete". The prob
    was that mounted shares CAN fail, and then the param
    sees an empty dir and dutifully deletes all the backups.
    Had one weird case with sort of reverse-update trick,
    where the SOURCE files got deleted instead of the backups.

    Fair fix ... look in /proc/mounts, quick pattern match,
    to see if you're still connected. "if '/my/whatever' in
    /proc/mounts then :"

    Next, subdivide the backup a bit - and do the above
    check before each segment. NEVER feel sure that
    mounts are gonna be perfectly solid.

    It's not 101% sure, but close enough for govt work.

    The "-delete" is ultra-valuable and you're probably
    going to HAVE to use it lest mass quantities of
    old junk accumulate. In an office environ where
    people keep creating/deleting/moving all the time
    that's a biggie. All you can do is make it safer,
    more sure.

    In my big backup pgm I also added a little "intelligence",
    a quick eval of what the size of the targets were LAST
    time -vs- THIS time. If TOO different it'd mail error
    messages and NOT proceed without manual intervention.

    Biz/corporate, good backups are IMPERATIVE ... and
    preferably local AND to 'cloud' (DO pre-encrypt !
    Don't BELIEVE cloud providers. Encrypt, send, re-name
    if needed, but never put a plain file on their systems
    for a millisecond)

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From c186282@21:1/5 to All on Sat Aug 2 02:15:52 2025
    On 8/1/25 3:29 PM, Stéphane CARPENTIER wrote:
    Le 01-08-2025, Marc Haber <[email protected]> a écrit :

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    When a backup is never tested, it's called a Schrödinger's backup.

    Hey, I *like* that term !!! :-)

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From c186282@21:1/5 to Carlos E.R. on Sat Aug 2 03:03:47 2025
    On 8/1/25 9:39 PM, Carlos E.R. wrote:
    On 2025-08-02 01:55, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    On Fri, 01 Aug 2025 14:31:54 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    My backups are done with rsync, or script wrappers around rsync. They are
    effectively mirror filesystems, not in any special “backup” format. These
    are the easiest to verify, and restoration can be done with the same
    file-
    manipulation commands I use every day.

    In particular, that means that, in a moment of crisis (which is what
    happens when you find you’ve lost data), I am doing the restoration using >> familiar commands with which I am (hopefully) less likely to make
    mistakes.

    Once an rsync backup deleted the original.

    Had that happen once. It was a 'reverse' operation,
    a kind of clean-up, of the source folders. Alas
    a mount became un-mounted and ...

    I was using the --delete parameter, which is intended to delete files
    that are gone from the source, and delete them in the destination (when
    you overwrite a backup). Unfortunately, the paths were messed up, and it deleted the files on the source of another different backup.


    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Marc Haber@21:1/5 to Lawrence D'Oliveiro on Sat Aug 2 10:07:02 2025
    Lawrence D'Oliveiro <[email protected]d> wrote:
    On Fri, 01 Aug 2025 14:31:54 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:
    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    My backups are done with rsync, or script wrappers around rsync.

    You're comparing 1998 with 2025. Do you think that is fair?

    The OS in question wasn't even unix back then.

    Btw, script wrappers around rsync do not scale to even a small fleet.

    Greetings
    Marc
    --
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marc Haber | " Questions are the | Mailadresse im Header Rhein-Neckar, DE | Beginning of Wisdom " |
    Nordisch by Nature | Lt. Worf, TNG "Rightful Heir" | Fon: *49 6224 1600402

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
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  • From Marc Haber@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Sat Aug 2 10:05:00 2025
    Stéphane CARPENTIER <[email protected]> wrote:
    Le 01-08-2025, Marc Haber <[email protected]> a écrit :
    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    When a backup is never tested, it's called a Schrödinger's backup.

    Right. Back then, verifying a backup meant having spare hardware. You
    didn't have that in the 1990ies typical small company. Today you can
    restore in another VM and verify the backup there. That was simply not realistic 30 years ago.

    That was when I was still using windows. The backup software used back
    then had a GUI. You included the root, and then excluded by clicking
    in the tree. So I thought. What I didn't know that with the first
    "exclude" click, the software built a (static!) list of all files to
    back up. And didn't maintain it. So all files that were created after
    that first "exclude" click never found their way into a backup.

    And, "verify backup" didn't uncover this, since of course all files
    that were backed up could be read back and verified just fine. Just
    the ones that never got backed up of course didn't cause an error.

    The "correct" way would have been to not use the GUI but instead write
    the paths to exclude with wildcards into a text file.

    I still consider this what we would call today an UX nightmare and
    blame the software vendor. 30 years later, I still consider this
    implementation one of the most diabolic footguns that I ever
    encountered.

    Of course, with 30 years of more experience, one could have tried a
    data only restore to a different part of the directory tree, but as a
    junior sysadmin making some extra money on the side of college, that
    didnt occur to me back then. One of the more painful lessons of a life
    in IT.

    Greetings
    Marc
    --
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marc Haber | " Questions are the | Mailadresse im Header Rhein-Neckar, DE | Beginning of Wisdom " |
    Nordisch by Nature | Lt. Worf, TNG "Rightful Heir" | Fon: *49 6224 1600402

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Carlos E.R.@21:1/5 to Lawrence D'Oliveiro on Sat Aug 2 13:59:42 2025
    On 2025-08-02 05:24, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    On Sat, 2 Aug 2025 03:39:19 +0200, Carlos E.R. wrote:

    Once an rsync backup deleted the original.

    I was using the --delete parameter, which is intended to delete files
    that are gone from the source, and delete them in the destination (when
    you overwrite a backup). Unfortunately, the paths were messed up, and it
    deleted the files on the source of another different backup.

    A computer is a powerful tool. It will do exactly what you tell it to do,
    no more, no less.

    Try --delete-after, which postpones all the deletions until after the new
    and updated files have been successfully copied -- and which doesn’t do
    any deletions at all, if there were errors in those copies.

    Ah, interesting, thanks.

    --
    Cheers, Carlos.

    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Lawrence D'Oliveiro@21:1/5 to Marc Haber on Sat Aug 2 23:32:06 2025
    On Sat, 02 Aug 2025 10:07:02 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:

    Lawrence D'Oliveiro <[email protected]d> wrote:

    On Fri, 01 Aug 2025 14:31:54 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    My backups are done with rsync, or script wrappers around rsync.

    You're comparing 1998 with 2025. Do you think that is fair?

    Andrew Tridgell submitted his PhD thesis, in which he developed rsync’s algorithm for comparing files across the network without having to copy
    the entirety of either side onto the other, in 1998, as I recall.

    At that time (and for a few years after), people would have been doing
    backups using commands like “cp -u”. Which work well enough, as far as
    they go.

    The OS in question wasn't even unix back then.

    The clunkiness of such compared to *nix systems was already becoming
    apparent.

    Btw, script wrappers around rsync do not scale to even a small fleet.

    They do, actually. Remember, rsync itself is doing all the grunt work, and
    that can happily handle hundreds of gigabytes, or terabytes of data. (Just speaking from personal experience.)

    And given that CERN, for example, is a heavy Linux user, I imagine they
    use rsync to deal with their petabytes of data from the LHC and other
    projects as well.

    How do I know this? Because being a bunch of scientists, if they had to
    develop a more robust tool for that purpose, they would have announced and open-sourced it by now.

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  • From c186282@21:1/5 to Lawrence D'Oliveiro on Sat Aug 2 21:36:21 2025
    On 8/2/25 7:32 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    On Sat, 02 Aug 2025 10:07:02 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:

    Lawrence D'Oliveiro <[email protected]d> wrote:

    On Fri, 01 Aug 2025 14:31:54 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    My backups are done with rsync, or script wrappers around rsync.

    You're comparing 1998 with 2025. Do you think that is fair?

    Andrew Tridgell submitted his PhD thesis, in which he developed rsync’s algorithm for comparing files across the network without having to copy
    the entirety of either side onto the other, in 1998, as I recall.

    At that time (and for a few years after), people would have been doing backups using commands like “cp -u”. Which work well enough, as far as they go.

    The OS in question wasn't even unix back then.

    The clunkiness of such compared to *nix systems was already becoming apparent.

    Btw, script wrappers around rsync do not scale to even a small fleet.

    They do, actually. Remember, rsync itself is doing all the grunt work, and that can happily handle hundreds of gigabytes, or terabytes of data. (Just speaking from personal experience.)

    And given that CERN, for example, is a heavy Linux user, I imagine they
    use rsync to deal with their petabytes of data from the LHC and other projects as well.

    How do I know this? Because being a bunch of scientists, if they had to develop a more robust tool for that purpose, they would have announced and open-sourced it by now.


    'cp' works ... but it's dumb as dirt.

    Kind of odd that rsync has never really been
    ported to Winders. The far more excessive
    ownership info used in Winders files now
    would make it a bit of a pain.

    IF you can find good doc, rsync has options that
    deal with almost any situation you can imagine.
    Great utility !

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  • From Bobbie Sellers@21:1/5 to rbowman on Wed Aug 6 07:39:17 2025
    On 8/5/25 23:37, rbowman wrote:
    On Tue, 5 Aug 2025 19:54:56 -0400, c186282 wrote:

    Best modern plan = TWO local copies, on different machines/media, and
    one dup (maybe just the 'important stuff') to 'cloud' storage. Not
    too expensive. Just automate it all so it works overnight.

    We used portable drives that were off premises. That was part of the
    formal backups the build guy did. Informally everyone checked out the
    entire source tree in Subversion and kept it updated so unless the
    building was nuked there would be a backup.

    For my works in progress I'd have the code on two or three machines plus
    the corporate OneDrive.

    My personal projects at home usually are copied to two or three machines.
    I don't bother with the cloud since there's nothing I couldn't recreate.

    Not the best practice except for you developers. Recently the computers
    housing the PCLinuxOS forum were caught in a fire. With the cloud backup
    the Forum was back online in less than a week.


    Documentation, SDKs, IDEs and so forth are safely stored wherever I got
    them from in the first place, and probably newer versions to boot.

    I do have some mp3s on a WD Passport and assorted thumb drives because no
    way in hell do I want to rip a shelf full of CDs again. At least they're easier than cassettes.

    Good luck and they are faster than CDs or floppies.

    bliss- Dell Precision 7730- PCLOS 2025.06- Linux 6.12.41-pclos1- KDE
    Plasma 5.27.11

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  • From Computer Nerd Kev@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Thu Aug 7 07:14:59 2025
    c186282 <[email protected]> wrote:
    Note - ALWAYS pre-encrypted before sending to cloud.
    Encrypt local, random name, copy to DBx, Rename
    re-date and whatever else is possible afterwards.
    OpenSSL can do most of the security stuff. I just
    do NOT believe claims of their own 'security'.
    Send 'em binary garbage.

    Sure, although keep in mind that one day in the future they might
    be able to decrypt even your old self-encrypted files easily, like
    encrypted files from the 1990s can be today. Even if they say that
    data is deleted, there's no way to be sure that someone didn't
    keep/steal a copy.

    --
    __ __
    #_ < |\| |< _#

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  • From c186282@21:1/5 to Computer Nerd Kev on Wed Aug 6 22:16:30 2025
    On 8/6/25 5:14 PM, Computer Nerd Kev wrote:
    c186282 <[email protected]> wrote:
    Note - ALWAYS pre-encrypted before sending to cloud.
    Encrypt local, random name, copy to DBx, Rename
    re-date and whatever else is possible afterwards.
    OpenSSL can do most of the security stuff. I just
    do NOT believe claims of their own 'security'.
    Send 'em binary garbage.

    Sure, although keep in mind that one day in the future they might
    be able to decrypt even your old self-encrypted files easily, like
    encrypted files from the 1990s can be today. Even if they say that
    data is deleted, there's no way to be sure that someone didn't
    keep/steal a copy.

    Well, 'relevance' tends to fall off over time.
    Ten or twenty year old bank/personnel records
    and such ... not very interesting.

    Even now I'm sure the spooks can crack AES256 and
    likely most of the others. Quantum makes that much
    faster. Have seen allegedly 'quantum-resistant'
    ciphers, but not sure how well they live up to
    the label yet. There's also the issue of govts
    demanding backdoors - ciphers ARE still classed
    as 'munitions'.

    First saw "NSA BACKDOOR" in the Win2k registry ...

    For my personal stuff now I tend to use PGP/GPG or
    openssl with Camilla cipher. Kept hearing about
    some bug in the AES cipher. One note though, for
    BIG backups, openssl is MUCH faster. GPG seems
    to have to be started, initialized, then do the
    job, then it shuts down and you have to repeat
    for the next (250,000) files. Openssl works
    99% the same in Linux/Unix and Winders ... have
    used it on all platforms for fast backups.

    And ANY encryption is better than NONE out in
    the Cloud. Unless you're a drug cartel the
    spooks are NOT going to be the ones looking
    at your files. It's gonna be opportunistic
    little hacks, probably doing quick text
    searches on your files.

    I wrote a little utility some years back that
    was not 'encryption' per-se but an 'obfuscation'
    app. It did a few of the old cheap tricks. We
    used it for confidential in-house stuff. It
    was very quick and would work on binaries. The
    idea with obfuscation/scrambling is that if you
    can see how the pgm works there IS a path to
    unscrambling if you lose the key. Might take
    half a day, but you can do it.

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  • From Richard Kettlewell@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Thu Aug 7 18:20:27 2025
    c186282 <[email protected]> writes:
    On 8/6/25 5:14 PM, Computer Nerd Kev wrote:
    c186282 <[email protected]> wrote:
    Note - ALWAYS pre-encrypted before sending to cloud.
    Encrypt local, random name, copy to DBx, Rename
    re-date and whatever else is possible afterwards.
    OpenSSL can do most of the security stuff. I just
    do NOT believe claims of their own 'security'.
    Send 'em binary garbage.
    Sure, although keep in mind that one day in the future they might be
    able to decrypt even your old self-encrypted files easily, like
    encrypted files from the 1990s can be today. Even if they say that
    data is deleted, there's no way to be sure that someone didn't
    keep/steal a copy.

    Well, 'relevance' tends to fall off over time. Ten or twenty year
    old bank/personnel records and such ... not very interesting.

    Even now I'm sure the spooks can crack AES256 and likely most of the
    others. Quantum makes that much faster. Have seen allegedly
    'quantum-resistant' ciphers, but not sure how well they live up to
    the label yet. There's also the issue of govts demanding backdoors -
    ciphers ARE still classed as 'munitions'.

    AES-256 (properly implemented and deployed) has stood up to decades of
    analysis by a community which has successfully broken multiple other primitives: RC4, MD5, SHA1, SIKE, FF3. Never say never, but by this
    stage, I think the reason AES has not been added to this list is because
    there is nothing to find.

    As for quantum computers, if AES is the first thing you worry about then
    you really do not know what you’re talking about.

    A (currently hypothetical) quantum computer of sufficient size would in principle reduce AES-256 key search to 2^128 time complexity (with a
    rather larger constant factor than a classical computer) - far beyond
    what human civilization can achieve. Adding more quantum computers
    doesn’t help as much as you might imagine since (AIUI) Grover’s
    algorithm scales sublinearly.

    The algorithms which will be meaningfully vulnerable to nontrivial
    quantum computers (at such time as they actually built) are the
    classical asymmetric algorithms, based on factorization problems and
    various forms of discrete logarithm problem: RSA, (EC)DSA, (EC)DH. The
    concern over the relative novelty of their replacements (MLDSA etc)
    motivates the widespread (although not universal) preference for hybrids instead of a pure-PQC solution.

    --
    https://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/

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  • From The Natural Philosopher@21:1/5 to Richard Kettlewell on Thu Aug 7 18:22:08 2025
    On 07/08/2025 18:20, Richard Kettlewell wrote:
    A (currently hypothetical) quantum computer of sufficient size would in principle reduce AES-256 key search to 2^128 time complexity (with a
    rather larger constant factor than a classical computer) - far beyond
    what human civilization can achieve. Adding more quantum computers
    doesn’t help as much as you might imagine since (AIUI) Grover’s
    algorithm scales sublinearly.

    You mathematicians...

    I'll take your word for it :-)

    --
    "I am inclined to tell the truth and dislike people who lie consistently.
    This makes me unfit for the company of people of a Left persuasion, and
    all women"

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  • From Computer Nerd Kev@21:1/5 to [email protected] on Fri Aug 8 09:10:20 2025
    c186282 <[email protected]> wrote:
    On 8/6/25 5:14 PM, Computer Nerd Kev wrote:
    c186282 <[email protected]> wrote:
    Note - ALWAYS pre-encrypted before sending to cloud.
    Encrypt local, random name, copy to DBx, Rename
    re-date and whatever else is possible afterwards.
    OpenSSL can do most of the security stuff. I just
    do NOT believe claims of their own 'security'.
    Send 'em binary garbage.

    Sure, although keep in mind that one day in the future they might
    be able to decrypt even your old self-encrypted files easily, like
    encrypted files from the 1990s can be today. Even if they say that
    data is deleted, there's no way to be sure that someone didn't
    keep/steal a copy.

    Well, 'relevance' tends to fall off over time.
    Ten or twenty year old bank/personnel records
    and such ... not very interesting.

    Potentially still useful for fraudsters though.

    --
    __ __
    #_ < |\| |< _#

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  • From candycanearter07@21:1/5 to Nuno Silva on Mon Aug 11 19:40:05 2025
    Nuno Silva <[email protected]d> wrote at 22:04 this Tuesday (GMT):
    On 2025-08-05, candycanearter07 wrote:

    Carlos E.R. <[email protected]d> wrote at 01:39 this Saturday (GMT): >>> On 2025-08-02 01:55, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
    On Fri, 01 Aug 2025 14:31:54 +0200, Marc Haber wrote:

    I lost 540 MB from a failed Fujitsu drive in 1998 and found out the
    backup was invalid the hard way.

    My backups are done with rsync, or script wrappers around rsync. They are >>>> effectively mirror filesystems, not in any special “backup” format. These
    are the easiest to verify, and restoration can be done with the same file- >>>> manipulation commands I use every day.

    In particular, that means that, in a moment of crisis (which is what
    happens when you find you’ve lost data), I am doing the restoration using
    familiar commands with which I am (hopefully) less likely to make
    mistakes.

    Once an rsync backup deleted the original.

    I was using the --delete parameter, which is intended to delete files
    that are gone from the source, and delete them in the destination (when
    you overwrite a backup). Unfortunately, the paths were messed up, and it >>> deleted the files on the source of another different backup.


    That's why you have backups of backups.


    But... what if these fail too!?

    10 PRINT "That's why you have"
    20 PRINT "backups of backups of"
    30 GOTO 20

    (Ok, in reality, a second level probably already drives the likelihood
    down a lot. But, of course, this gets to be an engineering problem, and
    one gets to ask what could possibly go wrong outside of these
    likelihoods.

    Yeah, diminishing returns and all.

    And one could do things such as not using the same
    approach/scripts/software for both levels. Just like NASA had BFS
    developed separately from PASS.)


    I'll keep that in mind when/if i set up another backup system.
    --
    user <candycane> is generated from /dev/urandom

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