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  • opcode x'66' on 8086

    From Paul Edwards@21:1/5 to All on Mon May 1 23:34:39 2023
    Hi.

    I am interested in running 16-bit code in PM32.
    I may simply run PM16 or CM16, but I'd like to
    know if PM32 is an option (twice the number
    of selectors).

    I'm not definitely going to do this, I would just
    like to know if it is definitively ruled out.

    Assume a homebrew 8086 OS and a homebrew
    80386 OS and a homebrew C compiler, and only
    C-generated assembler will be used.

    On PM32 you can do:

    66 bb 44 33 MOV bx.imm16

    Now my understanding is that the 66 override reverses
    the default operand size. So it makes 16 bit within PM32
    and 32 bit within PM16 and RM16.

    BUT - that is only the case on an 80386 and above, right?

    If I am using an 8086 or 80286 with no concept of 32-bit,
    then even if I am in PM16 on an 80286, the x'66' will not
    have any effect, right? Certainly not the effect that it has
    on an 80386, anyway - right?

    On an 8086 possibilities are:

    1. x'66' crashes due to invalid opcode.
    2. x'66' behaves as a noop.
    3. x'66' acts as an alias to some other instruction,
    e.g. x'56' or x'76', in the same way that x'82' was,
    until 2000, an alias for x'80'.

    Which of these is it?

    Someone has recently shown up with a real 80286
    computer (Compaq) and successfully booted PDOS/86
    from a 360k floppy.

    So I am now in a position to run a test assembler program
    (masm syntax) on a real 80286. I don't have access to a
    real 8086 at the moment.

    Any suggestion on test code to answer which of the above
    3 things the x'66' instruction is?

    Or any other way to determine that?

    Note that PDOS/86 has the ability to process int 3 and
    int 1, so I can set a breakpoint and trace a single
    instruction and see the registers.

    Thanks. Paul.

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  • From Paul Edwards@21:1/5 to Paul Edwards on Sat May 6 02:27:12 2023
    On Tuesday, May 2, 2023 at 2:47:24 PM UTC+8, Paul Edwards wrote:

    On an 8086 possibilities are:

    1. x'66' crashes due to invalid opcode.
    2. x'66' behaves as a noop.
    3. x'66' acts as an alias to some other instruction,
    e.g. x'56' or x'76', in the same way that x'82' was,
    until 2000, an alias for x'80'.

    Which of these is it?

    Got an answer elsewhere. It is number 3 ...

    All the 6x opcodes are aliases of the corresponding 7x (conditional jump) opcodes on 8086 and 8088.

    BFN. Paul.

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