• What is practical choice point eliminaton then? (Was: The ideal choice

    From Mild Shock@21:1/5 to Mild Shock on Thu Jul 10 21:30:35 2025
    Hi,

    Now what does a Prolog system do? Well when
    it prompts the end-user it has somewhere
    a list of the current query choice points:

    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    This is implementation specific, what choice
    points a system creates, also the ISO core standard
    shows a machine in its more procedural explanation,

    that depicts something that has also somewhere
    choice points. Since it is implementation specific
    a Prolog System A and Prolog System B might

    use different choice points:

    System A:
    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    System B:
    CP's = [CP'1, CP'2, .., CP'n]

    We say a System B could eliminate a choice point CP,
    relative to a System A, if we have:

    System A:
    CP ∈ CPs

    System B:
    CP ∉ CPs

    So System B might have an advantage over System A,
    since it will not backtrack over CP.

    When it comes to answer substitution display,
    it is now very common, that a Prolog system checks
    its own choice points, and when it finds that

    CP = []

    It knows that the query left no choice points,
    either because there were never any, because
    there was no branching in the executed code, or

    because a cut removed branching, or because
    they were eliminated somehow. Like through
    some index analysis.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    This is nothing for Bart Demoen, Physics PhD,
    academic fraud. The ideal choice point can
    be formulated as a logical formula, involving

    an existential quantifier. Assume we have
    a query and already these answers, and the
    Prolog system is prompting the interactive user:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    A mathematical oracle that could indicate whether
    it is even necessary to prompt the user could be:

       ∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    It doesn't match 100% Prolog since Prolog might
    give duplicate answers or non-ground answers,
    but assume for the moment the query q(X),

    produces only distinct and ground results.
    Nice existential FOL formula we have in the above.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:

    Henri Poincaré believed that mathematical
    and scientific creativity came from a deep,
    unconscious intuition that could not be

    captured by mechanical reasoning or formal
    systems. He famously wrote about how insights
    came not from plodding logic but from sudden

    illuminations — leaps of creative synthesis.

    But now we have generative AI — models like GPT — that:

    - produce poetry, proofs, stories, and code,

    - combine ideas in novel ways,

    - and do so by processing patterns in massive
       datasets, without conscious understanding.

    And that does seem to contradict Poincaré's belief
    that true invention cannot come from automation.

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    But I shouldn't waste too much time.
    One shouldn't punish people for just
    being plain stupid.

    Like for example this clueless french
    philosopher who had a lot of troubles
    with non-classical logic.

    His brain tried to eliminate non-classical
    logic, it was keen on avoiding non-classical
    logic. A typical species of a human with

    an extremly small brain, again working
    in the wrong place!

    Bye

    P.S.: Maybe this a Poincaré thingy? Poincaré
    was a strong critic of logicism (as championed
    by Frege and Russell) and of Hilbert’s
    formalist program.

    But, he did not formally use or promote systems
    like intuitionistic logic, modal logic, or
    relevance logic. His logical framework remained
    within the bounds of classical logic,

    though he was skeptical of excessive formalism.
    He thought formal systems could miss the creative
    and synthetic nature of mathematical
    invention.



    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Mild Shock@21:1/5 to Mild Shock on Thu Jul 10 21:35:27 2025
    Hi,

    Now one might ask, if we have a Prolog system
    that anyway juggles with choice points, why
    would we need a logical formula for choice points?

    Well there is a funny correctness criteria,
    for example in the top-level, if the top-level
    doesn't prompt the end user anymore in such a scenario:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    So the end user is not prompted because the
    Prolog system founds CP = []. This is licensed
    by this correctness statement for any choice

    point elimination:

    CP = [] => ~∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    Have Fun!

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Now what does a Prolog system do? Well when
    it prompts the end-user it has somewhere
    a list of the current query choice points:

    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    This is implementation specific, what choice
    points a system creates, also the ISO core standard
    shows a machine in its more procedural explanation,

    that depicts something that has also somewhere
    choice points. Since it is implementation specific
    a Prolog System A and Prolog System B might

    use different choice points:

    System A:
    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    System B:
    CP's = [CP'1, CP'2, .., CP'n]

    We say a System B could eliminate a choice point CP,
    relative to a System A, if we have:

    System A:
    CP ∈ CPs

    System B:
    CP ∉ CPs

    So System B might have an advantage over System A,
    since it will not backtrack over CP.

    When it comes to answer substitution display,
    it is now very common, that a Prolog system checks
    its own choice points, and when it finds that

    CP = []

    It knows that the query left no choice points,
    either because there were never any, because
    there was no branching in the executed code, or

    because a cut removed branching, or because
    they were eliminated somehow. Like through
    some index analysis.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    This is nothing for Bart Demoen, Physics PhD,
    academic fraud. The ideal choice point can
    be formulated as a logical formula, involving

    an existential quantifier. Assume we have
    a query and already these answers, and the
    Prolog system is prompting the interactive user:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    A mathematical oracle that could indicate whether
    it is even necessary to prompt the user could be:

        ∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    It doesn't match 100% Prolog since Prolog might
    give duplicate answers or non-ground answers,
    but assume for the moment the query q(X),

    produces only distinct and ground results.
    Nice existential FOL formula we have in the above.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:

    Henri Poincaré believed that mathematical
    and scientific creativity came from a deep,
    unconscious intuition that could not be

    captured by mechanical reasoning or formal
    systems. He famously wrote about how insights
    came not from plodding logic but from sudden

    illuminations — leaps of creative synthesis.

    But now we have generative AI — models like GPT — that:

    - produce poetry, proofs, stories, and code,

    - combine ideas in novel ways,

    - and do so by processing patterns in massive
       datasets, without conscious understanding.

    And that does seem to contradict Poincaré's belief
    that true invention cannot come from automation.

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    But I shouldn't waste too much time.
    One shouldn't punish people for just
    being plain stupid.

    Like for example this clueless french
    philosopher who had a lot of troubles
    with non-classical logic.

    His brain tried to eliminate non-classical
    logic, it was keen on avoiding non-classical
    logic. A typical species of a human with

    an extremly small brain, again working
    in the wrong place!

    Bye

    P.S.: Maybe this a Poincaré thingy? Poincaré
    was a strong critic of logicism (as championed
    by Frege and Russell) and of Hilbert’s
    formalist program.

    But, he did not formally use or promote systems
    like intuitionistic logic, modal logic, or
    relevance logic. His logical framework remained
    within the bounds of classical logic,

    though he was skeptical of excessive formalism.
    He thought formal systems could miss the creative
    and synthetic nature of mathematical
    invention.




    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Mild Shock@21:1/5 to Mild Shock on Thu Jul 10 21:43:22 2025
    Hi,

    Today I had an idea, of some semi-deep Prolog
    argument indexing. Just because choice point
    elimination is so important and has so many

    benefits for performance and the end user
    experience, like also debugging. And because it is
    tied to indexing. An index and the resulting clause

    list, which can be always checked for having reached
    its end. This gives a look-ahead information to the
    Prolog system which answers this oracle, concering

    clause instantiation:

    ∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    So the idea of semi-deep Prolog argument indexing
    would be a hybrid between Scryer Prolog and
    SWI-Prolog taking the best of both worls.

    It would adopt skip indexes from Scryer Prolog
    and deep indexing of SWI-Prolog, but deep indexing
    through a Key computation trick. The Key computation

    trick is quickly explained.

    Normal Key Computations:

    p(a, ..) ~~> Computed Key: a/0 or sometimes a alone
    p(b(x,y), ..) ~~> Computed Key: b/2 or sometimes b alone
    Etc..

    Semi Deep Key Computation:

    p(a, ..) ~~> Computed Key: 'a'
    p([a, ..], ..) ~~> Computed Key: '.a'
    Ect..

    Got it?

    The Scryer Prolog skip index is needed because
    in a DCG the interesting arguments are usually
    not the first argument.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Now one might ask, if we have a Prolog system
    that anyway juggles with choice points, why
    would we need a logical formula for choice points?

    Well there is a funny correctness criteria,
    for example in the top-level, if the top-level
    doesn't prompt the end user anymore in such a scenario:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    So the end user is not prompted because the
    Prolog system founds CP = []. This is licensed
    by this correctness statement for any choice

    point elimination:

    CP = [] => ~∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    Have Fun!

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Now what does a Prolog system do? Well when
    it prompts the end-user it has somewhere
    a list of the current query choice points:

    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    This is implementation specific, what choice
    points a system creates, also the ISO core standard
    shows a machine in its more procedural explanation,

    that depicts something that has also somewhere
    choice points. Since it is implementation specific
    a Prolog System A and Prolog System B might

    use different choice points:

    System A:
    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    System B:
    CP's = [CP'1, CP'2, .., CP'n]

    We say a System B could eliminate a choice point CP,
    relative to a System A, if we have:

    System A:
    CP ∈ CPs

    System B:
    CP ∉ CPs

    So System B might have an advantage over System A,
    since it will not backtrack over CP.

    When it comes to answer substitution display,
    it is now very common, that a Prolog system checks
    its own choice points, and when it finds that

    CP = []

    It knows that the query left no choice points,
    either because there were never any, because
    there was no branching in the executed code, or

    because a cut removed branching, or because
    they were eliminated somehow. Like through
    some index analysis.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    This is nothing for Bart Demoen, Physics PhD,
    academic fraud. The ideal choice point can
    be formulated as a logical formula, involving

    an existential quantifier. Assume we have
    a query and already these answers, and the
    Prolog system is prompting the interactive user:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    A mathematical oracle that could indicate whether
    it is even necessary to prompt the user could be:

        ∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    It doesn't match 100% Prolog since Prolog might
    give duplicate answers or non-ground answers,
    but assume for the moment the query q(X),

    produces only distinct and ground results.
    Nice existential FOL formula we have in the above.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:

    Henri Poincaré believed that mathematical
    and scientific creativity came from a deep,
    unconscious intuition that could not be

    captured by mechanical reasoning or formal
    systems. He famously wrote about how insights
    came not from plodding logic but from sudden

    illuminations — leaps of creative synthesis.

    But now we have generative AI — models like GPT — that:

    - produce poetry, proofs, stories, and code,

    - combine ideas in novel ways,

    - and do so by processing patterns in massive
       datasets, without conscious understanding.

    And that does seem to contradict Poincaré's belief
    that true invention cannot come from automation.

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    But I shouldn't waste too much time.
    One shouldn't punish people for just
    being plain stupid.

    Like for example this clueless french
    philosopher who had a lot of troubles
    with non-classical logic.

    His brain tried to eliminate non-classical
    logic, it was keen on avoiding non-classical
    logic. A typical species of a human with

    an extremly small brain, again working
    in the wrong place!

    Bye

    P.S.: Maybe this a Poincaré thingy? Poincaré
    was a strong critic of logicism (as championed
    by Frege and Russell) and of Hilbert’s
    formalist program.

    But, he did not formally use or promote systems
    like intuitionistic logic, modal logic, or
    relevance logic. His logical framework remained
    within the bounds of classical logic,

    though he was skeptical of excessive formalism.
    He thought formal systems could miss the creative
    and synthetic nature of mathematical
    invention.





    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Mild Shock@21:1/5 to Mild Shock on Thu Jul 10 21:58:20 2025
    Hi,

    Lets say these semi-deep Prolog argument indexing
    will really work. Then I could rollback some
    uses of ROKs trick in my DCG based code base,

    where I massaged the DCG to have a terminal in
    the first argument, and DCG was somehow degraded
    in only doing the concatenative stuff, through its

    monad rewriting. This would lead to elegant code.
    But it will not perform on a couple of Prolog systems,
    that don't have deep indexing. I suspect the more

    elegant code will not perform on these Prolog system:

    - GNU Prolog
    - Scryer Prolog
    - Trealla Prolog
    -

    I didn't check ECLiPSe Prolog towards deep indexing,
    and also I didn't check Ciao Prolog towards deep
    indexing yet. It will show good performance:

    - SWI-Prolog
    - Dogelog Player (if I add semi-deep and skip there)
    - Jekejeke Runtime (if I add semi-deep there, it has already skip)
    -

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Today I had an idea, of some semi-deep Prolog
    argument indexing. Just because choice point
    elimination is so important and has so many

    benefits for performance and the end user
    experience, like also debugging. And because it is
    tied to indexing. An index and the resulting clause

    list, which can be always checked for having reached
    its end. This gives a look-ahead information to the
    Prolog system  which answers this oracle, concering

    clause instantiation:

    ∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    So the idea of semi-deep Prolog argument indexing
    would be a hybrid between Scryer Prolog and
    SWI-Prolog taking the best of both worls.

    It would adopt skip indexes from Scryer Prolog
    and deep indexing of SWI-Prolog, but deep indexing
    through a Key computation trick. The Key computation

    trick is quickly explained.

    Normal Key Computations:

    p(a, ..)      ~~>  Computed Key: a/0 or sometimes a alone
    p(b(x,y), ..) ~~>  Computed Key: b/2 or sometimes b alone
    Etc..

    Semi Deep Key Computation:

    p(a, ..)        ~~>  Computed Key: 'a'
    p([a, ..], ..)  ~~>  Computed Key: '.a'
    Ect..

    Got it?

    The Scryer Prolog skip index is needed because
    in a DCG the interesting arguments are usually
    not the first argument.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Now one might ask, if we have a Prolog system
    that anyway juggles with choice points, why
    would we need a logical formula for choice points?

    Well there is a funny correctness criteria,
    for example in the top-level, if the top-level
    doesn't prompt the end user anymore in such a scenario:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    So the end user is not prompted because the
    Prolog system founds CP = []. This is licensed
    by this correctness statement for any choice

    point elimination:

    CP = [] => ~∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    Have Fun!

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Now what does a Prolog system do? Well when
    it prompts the end-user it has somewhere
    a list of the current query choice points:

    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    This is implementation specific, what choice
    points a system creates, also the ISO core standard
    shows a machine in its more procedural explanation,

    that depicts something that has also somewhere
    choice points. Since it is implementation specific
    a Prolog System A and Prolog System B might

    use different choice points:

    System A:
    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    System B:
    CP's = [CP'1, CP'2, .., CP'n]

    We say a System B could eliminate a choice point CP,
    relative to a System A, if we have:

    System A:
    CP ∈ CPs

    System B:
    CP ∉ CPs

    So System B might have an advantage over System A,
    since it will not backtrack over CP.

    When it comes to answer substitution display,
    it is now very common, that a Prolog system checks
    its own choice points, and when it finds that

    CP = []

    It knows that the query left no choice points,
    either because there were never any, because
    there was no branching in the executed code, or

    because a cut removed branching, or because
    they were eliminated somehow. Like through
    some index analysis.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    This is nothing for Bart Demoen, Physics PhD,
    academic fraud. The ideal choice point can
    be formulated as a logical formula, involving

    an existential quantifier. Assume we have
    a query and already these answers, and the
    Prolog system is prompting the interactive user:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    A mathematical oracle that could indicate whether
    it is even necessary to prompt the user could be:

        ∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    It doesn't match 100% Prolog since Prolog might
    give duplicate answers or non-ground answers,
    but assume for the moment the query q(X),

    produces only distinct and ground results.
    Nice existential FOL formula we have in the above.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:

    Henri Poincaré believed that mathematical
    and scientific creativity came from a deep,
    unconscious intuition that could not be

    captured by mechanical reasoning or formal
    systems. He famously wrote about how insights
    came not from plodding logic but from sudden

    illuminations — leaps of creative synthesis.

    But now we have generative AI — models like GPT — that:

    - produce poetry, proofs, stories, and code,

    - combine ideas in novel ways,

    - and do so by processing patterns in massive
       datasets, without conscious understanding.

    And that does seem to contradict Poincaré's belief
    that true invention cannot come from automation.

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    But I shouldn't waste too much time.
    One shouldn't punish people for just
    being plain stupid.

    Like for example this clueless french
    philosopher who had a lot of troubles
    with non-classical logic.

    His brain tried to eliminate non-classical
    logic, it was keen on avoiding non-classical
    logic. A typical species of a human with

    an extremly small brain, again working
    in the wrong place!

    Bye

    P.S.: Maybe this a Poincaré thingy? Poincaré
    was a strong critic of logicism (as championed
    by Frege and Russell) and of Hilbert’s
    formalist program.

    But, he did not formally use or promote systems
    like intuitionistic logic, modal logic, or
    relevance logic. His logical framework remained
    within the bounds of classical logic,

    though he was skeptical of excessive formalism.
    He thought formal systems could miss the creative
    and synthetic nature of mathematical
    invention.






    --- SoupGate-Win32 v1.05
    * Origin: fsxNet Usenet Gateway (21:1/5)
  • From Mild Shock@21:1/5 to Mild Shock on Thu Jul 10 22:03:10 2025
    Hi,

    Does the new DCG standard [2025] say something about
    (Semi-)Deep indexing. Are these people even aware,
    that practically no Prolog system can execute DCG

    in a satisfactory way. And its not a problem of
    being declarative or something, or having bared
    (\+)/3 or (!)/2 or something.

    Its just that (Semi-)Deep indexing is rare, and without
    deep indexing DCG degenerte into linear scanning
    their clause set. So 20 years elaborating DCG standard.

    And still only SWI-Prolog has deep indexing and
    can practically takle DCG parsing?

    That is extremly cringe...

    Bye

    P.S.: Disclaimer: Have to double check Ciao Prolog
    and ECLiPSe Prolog, could be also a candidate for
    deep indexing. Or maybe SICStus Prolog as well.

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Lets say these semi-deep Prolog argument indexing
    will really work. Then I could rollback some
    uses of ROKs trick in my DCG based code base,

    where I massaged the DCG to have a terminal in
    the first argument, and DCG was somehow degraded
    in only doing  the concatenative stuff, through its

    monad rewriting. This would lead to elegant code.
    But it will not perform on a couple of Prolog systems,
    that don't have deep indexing. I suspect the more

    elegant code will not perform on these Prolog system:

    - GNU Prolog
    - Scryer Prolog
    - Trealla Prolog
    -

    I didn't check ECLiPSe Prolog towards deep indexing,
    and also I didn't check Ciao Prolog towards deep
    indexing yet. It will show good performance:

    - SWI-Prolog
    - Dogelog Player (if I add semi-deep and skip there)
    - Jekejeke Runtime (if I add semi-deep there, it has already skip)
    -

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Today I had an idea, of some semi-deep Prolog
    argument indexing. Just because choice point
    elimination is so important and has so many

    benefits for performance and the end user
    experience, like also debugging. And because it is
    tied to indexing. An index and the resulting clause

    list, which can be always checked for having reached
    its end. This gives a look-ahead information to the
    Prolog system  which answers this oracle, concering

    clause instantiation:

    ∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    So the idea of semi-deep Prolog argument indexing
    would be a hybrid between Scryer Prolog and
    SWI-Prolog taking the best of both worls.

    It would adopt skip indexes from Scryer Prolog
    and deep indexing of SWI-Prolog, but deep indexing
    through a Key computation trick. The Key computation

    trick is quickly explained.

    Normal Key Computations:

    p(a, ..)      ~~>  Computed Key: a/0 or sometimes a alone
    p(b(x,y), ..) ~~>  Computed Key: b/2 or sometimes b alone
    Etc..

    Semi Deep Key Computation:

    p(a, ..)        ~~>  Computed Key: 'a'
    p([a, ..], ..)  ~~>  Computed Key: '.a'
    Ect..

    Got it?

    The Scryer Prolog skip index is needed because
    in a DCG the interesting arguments are usually
    not the first argument.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Now one might ask, if we have a Prolog system
    that anyway juggles with choice points, why
    would we need a logical formula for choice points?

    Well there is a funny correctness criteria,
    for example in the top-level, if the top-level
    doesn't prompt the end user anymore in such a scenario:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    So the end user is not prompted because the
    Prolog system founds CP = []. This is licensed
    by this correctness statement for any choice

    point elimination:

    CP = [] => ~∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    Have Fun!

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    Now what does a Prolog system do? Well when
    it prompts the end-user it has somewhere
    a list of the current query choice points:

    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    This is implementation specific, what choice
    points a system creates, also the ISO core standard
    shows a machine in its more procedural explanation,

    that depicts something that has also somewhere
    choice points. Since it is implementation specific
    a Prolog System A and Prolog System B might

    use different choice points:

    System A:
    CPs = [CP1, CP2, .., CPn]

    System B:
    CP's = [CP'1, CP'2, .., CP'n]

    We say a System B could eliminate a choice point CP,
    relative to a System A, if we have:

    System A:
    CP ∈ CPs

    System B:
    CP ∉ CPs

    So System B might have an advantage over System A,
    since it will not backtrack over CP.

    When it comes to answer substitution display,
    it is now very common, that a Prolog system checks
    its own choice points, and when it finds that

    CP = []

    It knows that the query left no choice points,
    either because there were never any, because
    there was no branching in the executed code, or

    because a cut removed branching, or because
    they were eliminated somehow. Like through
    some index analysis.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    This is nothing for Bart Demoen, Physics PhD,
    academic fraud. The ideal choice point can
    be formulated as a logical formula, involving

    an existential quantifier. Assume we have
    a query and already these answers, and the
    Prolog system is prompting the interactive user:

    ?- p(X).
    X = a1 ;
    X = a2 ;
    ...
    X = ak-1 ;
    X = ak

    A mathematical oracle that could indicate whether
    it is even necessary to prompt the user could be:

        ∃X ( p(X) & X =\= a1 & ... & X =\= ak)

    It doesn't match 100% Prolog since Prolog might
    give duplicate answers or non-ground answers,
    but assume for the moment the query q(X),

    produces only distinct and ground results.
    Nice existential FOL formula we have in the above.

    Bye

    Mild Shock schrieb:

    Henri Poincaré believed that mathematical
    and scientific creativity came from a deep,
    unconscious intuition that could not be

    captured by mechanical reasoning or formal
    systems. He famously wrote about how insights
    came not from plodding logic but from sudden

    illuminations — leaps of creative synthesis.

    But now we have generative AI — models like GPT — that:

    - produce poetry, proofs, stories, and code,

    - combine ideas in novel ways,

    - and do so by processing patterns in massive
       datasets, without conscious understanding.

    And that does seem to contradict Poincaré's belief
    that true invention cannot come from automation.

    Mild Shock schrieb:
    Hi,

    But I shouldn't waste too much time.
    One shouldn't punish people for just
    being plain stupid.

    Like for example this clueless french
    philosopher who had a lot of troubles
    with non-classical logic.

    His brain tried to eliminate non-classical
    logic, it was keen on avoiding non-classical
    logic. A typical species of a human with

    an extremly small brain, again working
    in the wrong place!

    Bye

    P.S.: Maybe this a Poincaré thingy? Poincaré
    was a strong critic of logicism (as championed
    by Frege and Russell) and of Hilbert’s
    formalist program.

    But, he did not formally use or promote systems
    like intuitionistic logic, modal logic, or
    relevance logic. His logical framework remained
    within the bounds of classical logic,

    though he was skeptical of excessive formalism.
    He thought formal systems could miss the creative
    and synthetic nature of mathematical
    invention.







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